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Recent evidence suggests that excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with future loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and skeletal muscle (SM) with aging. In clinical settings (abdominal) circumferences are commonly used to estimate body composition (BC). We aimed to study the linearity of VAT distribution ratios (i.e., VAT/SAT ratio and VAT/SM ratio), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) with age and the relationship of VAT distribution ratios with anthropometry (i.e., WHR and WC).<br />BC was determined using whole body magnetic resonance imaging in a large multi-ethnic group of 419 adults (42% white, 30% black, 15% Hispanic, 13% Asian, 1% other) with a BMI ranging from 15.9 to 40.8kg/m<br />. Linear and non-linear regression analysis was used to examine the linearity of VAT distribution ratios and anthropometry from 18 to 88 years. The relation between VAT distribution ratios and anthropometry was assessed separately.<br />In both sexes non-linear relationships were found between BC estimates and age, and between BC measures mutually. The ratios of VAT/SAT and VAT/SM showed quadratic relationships with age. VAT distribution ratios showed exponential or quadratic relationships with anthropometry with coefficients of determination ranging between 18 and 55%.<br />In both sexes, VAT distribution ratios showed curvilinear relationships with age and with anthropometry. Given the sex differences in VAT distribution ratios, WHR and WC represent different BC proportions in men and women. These results emphasize the challenge when interpreting changes in BC based upon linear extrapolations in clinical practice.<br />In both sexes, VAT distribution ratios showed curvilinear relationships with age and with anthropometry. Given the sex differences in VAT distribution ratios, WHR and WC represent different BC proportions in men and women. These results emphasize the challenge when interpreting changes in BC based upon linear extrapolations in clinical practice.Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are potentially-hazardous chemical compounds, produced by the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and Lysine side-chain amino groups in proteins. AGEs are strongly associated with diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. Pyrraline, a sugar derivative of Lysine, is a major AGE and an established marker for the presence of dietary AGEs. In this study, the effects of NaCl and different dipeptide and tripeptide structures were compared on the formation of pyrraline-containing peptides and the glucose derivative 3-deoxyglucosone in the presence of glucose and at different NaCl concentrations. The physicochemical properties (polarizability, dipole moment, molecular volume and dissociation constant) and the thermodynamic properties of the peptides were determined. The amount of the pyrraline decreased significantly in the following order of peptides (at the same concentrations) Lys-Phe &gt; Lys-Ala &gt; Lys-Gly; Lys-Gly-Phe &gt; Lys-Gly-Ala &gt; Lys-Gly-Gly. The highest levels of both pyrraline and 3-deoxyglucosone occurred at 0.2 mol/L Na+. Sodium ions appear to alter the intramolecular electron density and charge distribution of the peptides and facilitate the reaction by stabilizing some of the intermediates in the reaction sequence.With the continuous infiltration of industrialization and modern lifestyle into pastoral areas, the types and processing capacity of Hurunge are decreasing, and the beneficial microbial resources contained in it are gradually disappearing. The preservation and processing of Hurunge are very important for herdsmen to successfully produce high-quality koumiss in the second year. Therefore, in this study, 12 precious Hurunge samples collected from Bulgan Province, Ovorkhangay Province, Arkhangay Province, and Tov Province of Mongolia were sequenced based on the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and the bacterial diversity and function were predicted and analyzed. There were significant differences in the species and abundance of bacteria in Hurunge from different regions and different production methods (p less then 0.05). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pr-619.html PR-619 solubility dmso] Compared with the traditional fermentation methods, the OTU level of Hurunge fermented in the capsule was low, the Acetobacter content was high and the bacterial diversity was low. Firmicutes and Lactobacillus were the dominant phylum and genus of 12 samples, respectively. The sample QHA contained Komagataeibacter with the potential ability to produce bacterial nanocellulose, and the abundance of Lactococcus in the Tov Province (Z) was significantly higher than that in the other three regions. Functional prediction analysis showed that genes related to the metabolism of bacterial growth and reproduction, especially carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, played a dominant role in microorganisms. In summary, it is of great significance to further explore the bacterial diversity of Hurunge for the future development and research of beneficial microbial resources, promotion, and protection of the traditional ethnic dairy products.Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Malnutrition often leads to poor prognosis of patients with EC. Geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) was reported as an objective nutrition-related risk index. We intend to comprehensively review evidence of GNRI in predicting EC prognosis. To explore the influence of GNRI on the long-term survival outcome of patients with EC, a meta-analysis was needed. We searched the Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. The association between prognosis of patients with EC and GNRI was evaluated by pooling hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The fixed model or random model method was chosen according to the heterogeneity among the studies. Totally, 11 studies with 1785 patients who met the inclusion criteria were eventually included in our meta-analysis. Comparing the lower level GNRI group and the higher level GNRI group, the pooled results showed that lower GNRI had a negative impact on overall survival (OS) (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.45-2.10, P less then 0.01) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.19-2.62, P less then 0.01), indicating that lower GNRI significantly predicted poor OS. In conclusion, lower GNRI could predict the poor prognosis of patients with EC. Meanwhile, more well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm the findings.<br />The index of nutritional quality (INQ) is derived from the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and is a method of quantitative and qualitative analysis of diet. This study aimed to compare the INQ for different dietary components between breast cancer (BC) patients and healthy control.<br />This case-control study was performed on 180 women with BC and 360 healthy women. Data on general characteristics, medical history, anthropometric indices, physical activity, alcohol consumption, reproductive history, smoking, and dietary intake were collected. A valid FFQ was used to assess the intake of nutrients and the INQ was calculated based on the daily intake of the nutrients.<br />There was a significant association between BC and INQ of vitamin A (OR = 0.07, 0.01-0.29), vitamin E (OR = 0.43, 0.20-0.93), vitamin B6 (OR = 0.003, 0.000-0.021), riboflavin (OR = 0.25, 0.11-0.59), vitamin K (OR = 0.58, 0.37-0.90), biotin (OR = 0.07, 0.02-0.26), vitamin B12 (OR = 0.32, 0.18-0.56), vitamin C (OR = 0.72, 0.55-0.95), zinc (OR = 0.020, 0.005-0.083), calcium (OR = 0.14, 0.04-0.54) and magnesium (OR = 0.003, 0.000-0.024). Further adjustment for BMI disappeared the association between INQ of vitamin C and BC. The results did not change after further adjustments for waist circumstance and total calorie intake.<br />A significant association was observed between BC and the INQ of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B6, riboflavin, vitamin K, biotin, vitamin B12, vitamin C, zinc, calcium, and magnesium. The INQ can be used as an indicator in assessing clinical nutrition-related problems. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.<br />A significant association was observed between BC and the INQ of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B6, riboflavin, vitamin K, biotin, vitamin B12, vitamin C, zinc, calcium, and magnesium. The INQ can be used as an indicator in assessing clinical nutrition-related problems. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.Atherosclerosis, as a chronic inflammatory response, is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is induced by endothelial cell dysfunction, migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, accumulation of foam cells and inflammatory response, resulting in plaque accumulation, narrowing and hardening of the artery wall, and ultimately leading to myocardial infarction or sudden death and other serious consequences. Flavonoid is a kind of natural polyphenol compound widely existing in fruits with various structures, mainly including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanins, isoflavones, and chalcone, etc. Because of its potential health benefits, it is now used in supplements, cosmetics and medicines, and researchers are increasingly paying attention to its role in atherosclerosis. In this paper, we will focus on several important nodes in the development of atherosclerotic disease, including endothelial cell dysfunction, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, foam cell accumulation and inflammatory response. At the same time, through the classification of flavonoids from fruits, the role and potential mechanism of flavonoids in atherosclerosis were reviewed, providing a certain direction for the development of fruit flavonoids in the treatment of atherosclerosis drugs.<br />Green tea and soy products are extensively consumed in daily life. Research has shown that green tea catechins and soy isoflavones may influence the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. We examined whether regular consumption of green tea extract or soy isoflavones affected the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of rosuvastatin in healthy subjects and whether any interactions were influenced by the polymorphism in the drug transporter ABCG2.<br />This was an open-label, three-phase randomized crossover study with single doses of rosuvastatin.<br />Healthy Chinese male subjects were given a single dose of rosuvastatin 10 mg on 3 occasions 1. without herbs; 2. with green tea extract; 3. with soy isoflavone extract. The green tea and soy isoflavone extract were given at a dose containing EGCG 800 mg once daily or soy isoflavones-80 mg once daily for 14 days before statin dosing and at the same time as the statin dosing with at least 4-weeks washout period between phases.<br />Twenty healthy male These effects might be predicted to either reduce or increase the lipid-lowering effect of rosuvastatin depending on the mechanism of the effect.<br />Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is an indicator of visceral fat accumulation and dysfunction. However, little is known about whether VAI is associated with worsening renal function (WRF) in the elderly. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the association between VAI and WRF among the elderly population.<br />In total, 5,583 elderly participants (aged ≥ 65 years) who participated in the annual health checkups at least twice between January 2017 and July 2021 were enrolled and divided into four groups according to the VAI quartiles. The primary endpoint was incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as incident estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m<br />. The secondary endpoint was rapid kidney function decline (RKFD), defined as decline in eGFR of 40%. To evaluate the association between VAI and WRF, three Cox regression models were conducted, where VAI was treated as a continuous variable and a categorical variable (Q1 as reference), respectively. Subgroup analysis in participants with different baseline characteristics was also performed.