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Background Despite improvements in treatment of ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI), thrombus formation in the left ventricle is still a concerning complication that may lead to systemic thromboembolism and stroke. Objectives To evaluate the predictive value of estimated whole blood viscosity (WBV) for left ventricular thrombus development in patients surviving an acute anterior myocardial infarction (AAMI). Materials &amp; methods Seven hundred eighty AAMI patients who were treated percutaneously were enrolled consecutively. Serial echocardiographic examinations were performed within 24h of admission, before hospital discharge, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following hospital discharge. WBV was calculated according to de Simones formula. Results One hundred patients (12.8%) developed thrombus formation within one year following AAMI. Patients with left ventricular thrombus (LVT) had significantly higher WBV values. Supramedian values of WBV at both low (0.5 sec-1) and high (208 sec-1) shear rates were found to be an independent predictor of LVT development. Conclusion As an easily accessible parameter, WBV might be a useful predictor of LVT formation within one year following acute anterior myocardial infarction.We report on long-term follow-up [mean (SD) duration, 44.7 (4.3) mo] of 48 out of 132 children with recurrent abdominal pain, who were a part of an earlier study at our hospital. 31 (64.5%) children still experienced pain; 26 (54.1%) reported their pain to be better than before, 4 children reported it to be same as before, and one child reported it worse than before. 17 out of 31 children had pain fitting into one of the categories of functional gastrointestinal disorders in the Rome III criteria; most commonly functional abdominal pain (n=6) and functional constipation (n=3). In majority of children with functional recurrent abdominal pain, pain may persist over the next 3-4 years, but shows slight improvement in frequency and severity.Renal biopsy is an important investigation to make the diagnosis of an underlying glomerular or tubular disease, and is commonly done by trained pediatricians. In this review, we discuss the procedure and also detail important points in interpretation of renal biopsy in children.Objective To study the predictors of renal complications following hematotoxic snakebite in children. Methods This comparative study was conducted in the pediatric ward of a tertiary-care centre among 364 consecutively children admitted with hematotoxic snakebite between January 2016 and December 2017. Clinical and laboratory indicators were compared between children who developed acute kidney injury and those who did not. Results Acute kidney injury was seen in 139 children (38.2%), majority being stage 2 (55, 39.5%). 59 children (16.2%) developed permanent renal damage and 16 (4.4%) died due to envenomation. Acute tubular necrosis was the most common (25, 39.1%) histopathological change. Conclusions Receiving anti-snake venom more than one hour after bite was the most significant adverse prognostic indicator, both for renal complications and mortality.Objective This study aimed to investigate the underlying causes and outcomes of less than 1500 g birth weight infants who underwent acute peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods Case records of infants with birthweight less than 1500 g from January 2015 to June 2018 were reviewed. Results The median (range) birth weight and gestational age of the patients were 720 g (555-1055) and 26 weeks (23-27.5), respectively. Underlying factors for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) were patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (15 patients), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (10 patients), sepsis (7 patients), asphyxia (2 patients) and hydrops fetalis (2 patients). Multifunctional 10 F flexible catheter was used for the procedure. Median PD onset time was 7 days (4.5-13.5) and median PD duration was 3 days (1.5-3.5). Overall mortality rate was 81 % (n=17). Conclusions Despite high overall mortality, PD is technically feasible in very low birthweight (VLBW) and extremely low birthweight (ELBW) neonates using a multifunctional catheter.Objective To assess the kidney growth and function in appropriate for date and small for date (SGA) preterm neonates. Methods Appropriate for date and SGA preterm neonates with gestation less then 35 weeks, at 12-18 months of corrected age, attending the follow-up outpatient clinic of a Tertiary care level III neonatal unit. Renal function was assessed by measuring the serum creatinine level and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated by using modified Schwartz formula. Kidney size was determined by ultrasonography using a 5 MHz sector probe with an accuracy of 1.0 mm. Results The mean (SD) serum creatinine and eGFR in the 120 children enrolled were 0.39 (0.16) mg/dL and 109.05 (44.66) mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The mean (SD) lengths of right and left kidney were 54.3 (4.9) mm and 55.2 (4.77) mm, respectively. The kidney length, serum creatinine and eGFR were significantly lower in preterm SGA infants as compared to preterm AGA infants. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fasoracetam-ns-105.html click here] Conclusion Preterm infants, especially SGA infants, at 12 to 18 months of corrected age have impaired renal growth with small kidney size.Lupus nephritis affects 50-75% of all children with systemic lupus erythematosus with a higher prevalence in Asians. It remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in childhood onset lupus. Proliferative lupus nephritis (class III and class IV) warrants aggressive treatment to prevent progression to end stage renal disease. Newer immunosuppressive agents available in the last decade offer more options to treat lupus nephritis. Despite guidelines from professional bodies, there remains a lack of consensus on the treatment of refractory disease and duration of maintenance therapy. We review the treatment options for pediatric patients with lupus nephritis based on studies and published guidelines in the last decade, and highlight opportunities for continued improvement in care.Introduction Respiratory diseases account for the highest number of clinical problems in horses compared with other body systems. While microbiological culture and sensitivity testing is essential for certain cases, knowledge of the most likely bacterial agents and their susceptibilities is necessary to inform empirical antibiotic choices. Methods A retrospective study of microbiological and cytological results from upper and lower respiratory samples (n=615) processed in a commercial laboratory between 2002 and 2012 was carried out. A further study of lower respiratory samples from horses with clinical signs of lower respiratory disease from May to June 2012 was undertaken. Results Both studies revealed Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella species, Escherichia coli and Bordetella bronchiseptica as the most frequently isolated species. S equi subspecies zooepidemicus and subspecies equi were susceptible to ceftiofur (100 per cent) and erythromycin (99 per cent). Resistance to penicillin (12.