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Over the years, microRNA-20b-3p (miR-20b-3p) has been found to play an essential role in human diseases; we aimed to investigate the effect of miR-20b-3p on the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The DR rat models were established by streptozotocin injection and treated with miR-20b-3p mimics, silenced, or overexpressed thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Afterward, the expression of miR-20b-3p and TXNIP, visual function, inflammatory factors, microvascular injury, vascular permeability, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis in rats' retinal tissues were assessed. The target relation between miR-20b-3p and TXNIP was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. MiR-20b-3p was poorly expressed while TXNIP was highly expressed in DR rats' retinal tissues. Elevated miR-20b-3p and inhibited TXNIP promoted the visual function, and restricted the inflammatory reaction, microvascular injury, vascular permeability, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis in DR rats, thereby decelerating the development of DR. Furthermore, TXNIP was targeted by miR-20b-3p. We have found in this study that elevated miR-20b-3p could repress the levels of inflammatory factors by inhibiting TXNIP, thus attenuating the pathology of retina in DR rats, which provided new candidates for DR treatment. © 2020 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and mucin domain-containing 1 (Tim-1) and Tim-4 are two members of the Tim family. In mammals, Tim-1 and Tim-4 are proteins mainly expressed in immune cells and are associated with immune response. In the present study, medaka Oryzias latipes' Tim-1 (OlTim-1) and OlTim-4 were identified and characterized using bioinformatics analyses. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rg2833-rgfp109.html RG2833 concentration] With the use of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, the expression profiles of OlTim-1 and OlTim-4 were examined in embryos and adult fish and in immune tissues following the intraperitoneal injection of stimulants. The results revealed that OlTim-1 possesses a cytoplasmic region, a transmembrane region, a mucin domain, and an Ig-like domain, while OlTim-4 is composed of two Ig-like domains and a mucin domain, but without the transmembrane region and cytoplasmic region. OlTim-1 and OlTim-4 expressions are detectable from the gastrula stage on, indicating that they are zygotic genes. Furthermore, OlTim-1 and OlTim-4 are expressed ubiquitously in the adult. Administration of immune stimulants, namely lipopolysaccharides and polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid, significantly increased the expression levels of OlTim-1 and OlTim-4 in the liver and intestine within 1 day and in the head, kidney, and spleen within 3 to 4 days postinjection. These results suggest that OlTim-1 and OlTim-4 are possibly involved in both innate and adaptive immunities. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.One promising approach to treat hematologic malignancies is the usage of patient-derived CAR T cells. There are continuous efforts to improve the function of these cells, to optimize their receptor, and to use them for the treatment of additional types of cancer and especially solid tumors. In this protocol, an easy and reliable approach for CAR T cell generation is described. T&nbsp;cells are first isolated from peripheral blood (here leukoreduction system chambers) and afterwards activated for one day with anti-CD3/CD28 Dynabeads. The gene transfer is performed by lentiviral transduction and gene transfer rate can be verified by flowcytometric analysis. Six days after transduction, the stimulatory Dynabeads are removed. T cells are cultured in interleukin-2 conditioned medium for several days for expansion. There is an option to expand CAR T cells further by co-incubation with irradiated, antigen-expressing feeder cell lines. The CAR T cells are ready to use after 10 (without feeder cell expansion) to 24 days (with feeder cell expansion). © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol Generation of CAR T cells by lentiviral transduction. © 2020 The Authors.Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a group of genetic disorders associated with varying components of sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal pigmentation of the hair, skin, and eyes. There exist four different WS subtypes, each defined by the absence or presence of additional features. One of the genes associated with WS is SOX10, a key transcription factor for the development of neural crest-derived lineages. Here we report a 12-year-old boy with a novel de novo SOX10 frameshift mutation and unique combination of clinical features including primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, hearing loss and visual impairment but absence of Hirschsprung disease and the typical pigmentary changes of hair or skin. This expands the spectrum of currently recognized phenotypes associated with WS and illustrates the phenotypic heterogeneity of SOX10-associated WS. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE To identify the extent of hospital-to-hospital variation in use of obstetrical blood transfusion. DESIGN Population-based cohort study linking provincial perinatal and blood transfusion registries. SETTING British Columbia, Canada, 2004-2015. POPULATION All pregnant women delivering at or beyond 20&nbsp;weeks' gestation at any British Columbia hospital. METHODS Mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate hospital-specific transfusion rates after sequentially accounting for (1) the role of random variation, (2) maternal medical and obstetrical characteristics (i.e. patient case mix) and (3) institutional and delivery factors (such as use of instrumental or caesarean delivery). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hospital-specific use of obstetrical red blood cell transfusion. RESULTS Among 44 hospitals, crude institutional transfusion rates across the study period ranged from 3.7 to 23.6 per 1000, with an average of 8.3 per 1000. After adjusting for maternal characteristics, institution and delivery risk factors, a nearly three-fold difference in rates between the 10th and 90th percentile remained (5.4-14.5 per 1000). Twelve sites had rates significantly higher or lower than the provincial average. Women residing in remote areas were 2.5-fold (95% CI 1.8-3.5] more likely to receive a blood transfusion than were women residing in metropolitan areas. CONCLUSIONS Meaningful variation between hospitals in use of blood transfusion during pregnancy was not explained by differences in patient case-mix or institutional factors, suggesting that over- or under-utilisation of this resource may be occurring in obstetrical care. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Use of blood transfusion in pregnant women varied broadly between hospitals in British Columbia, Canada. © 2020 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.