Emergence associated with proof Candida glabrata throughout Philippines

Drug susceptibility testing of the deletion mutant showed resistance to first-line drugs such as streptomycin and ethambutol and second-line aminoglycosides such as amikacin and kanamycin. Based on interactorme analysis for Rv0148 using STRING database, we identified 220 most probable interacting partners for Htdy protein. In the Rv0148 knockout mutants, high expression of htdy was observed and we hypothesize that this would have perturbed the interactome thus resulting in drug resistance. Finally, we propose that Rv0148 and Htdy are functionally interconnected and involved in drug resistance and cell homeostasis of M. tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that Rv0148 plays a significant role in various functional aspects such as intermediatory metabolism, stress, homeostasis and also in drug resistance.BACKGROUND Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent cause of inherited intellectual disability and the most commonly identified monogenic cause of autism. Recent studies have shown that long-term pathological consequences of FXS are not solely confined to the central nervous system (CNS) but rather extend to other physiological dysfunctions in peripheral organs. To gain insights into possible immune dysfunctions in FXS, we profiled a large panel of immune-related biomarkers in the serum of FXS patients and healthy controls. METHODS We have used a sensitive and robust Electro Chemi Luminescence (ECL)-based immunoassay to measure the levels of 52 cytokines in the serum of n = 25 FXS patients and n = 29 healthy controls. We then used univariate statistics and multivariate analysis, as well as an advanced unsupervised clustering method, to identify combinations of immune-related biomarkers that could discriminate FXS patients from healthy individuals. RESULTS While the majority of the tested cytokines were present at similar levels in FXS patients and healthy individuals, nine chemokines, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, CCL26 and CXCL10, were present at much lower levels in FXS patients. Using robust regression, we show that six of these biomarkers (CCL2, CCL3, CCL11, CCL22, CCL26 and CXCL10) were negatively associated with FXS diagnosis. Finally, applying the K-sparse unsupervised clustering method to the biomarker dataset allowed for the identification of two subsets of individuals, which essentially matched the FXS and healthy control categories. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that FXS patients exhibit reduced serum levels of several chemokines and may therefore exhibit impaired immune responses. The present study also highlights the power of unsupervised clustering methods to identify combinations of biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in medicine.BACKGROUND The microbiome of Severe-Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC), is characterized by an ecosystem comprising bacterial and fungal species, with a predominance of Candida species. Hence, an anti-cariogen effective against both bacteria and fungi would be valuable in the management of S-ECC. Here we evaluate the antifungal effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) against 35-clinical yeast isolates (Ten-each of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. Cerdulatinib tropicalis and five C. glabrata strains) from dentinal caries-lesions from S-ECC. RESULTS Disc-diffusion and time-kill assays as well as MIC50 and MIC90 evaluations against therapeutic concentrations confirmed the broad-spectrum anti-candidal potency of SDF. Ultrastructural images revealed morphologic aberrations of yeast-cell walls on exposure to SDF. All C. krusei and C. glabrata isolates were significantly more sensitive to SDF, relative to the standard antifungal fluconazole. Further, SDF appears to effectively abrogate filamentation of C. albicans even at very low concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our data, for the first time, elucidate the antifungal potency of SDF, in addition to its known antibacterial activity, in the management of S-ECC.BACKGROUND Spider plant [Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq.], an economically promising African leafy vegetable, characterized for leaf yield components and nutritive quality, exhibits poor seed germination that hinders a wider expansion of the crop in urban and periurban horticultural systems. So far, there is little information pertaining to seed morphological traits and mineral elements content that may be associated with higher seed germination. This research investigated the hypothesis that spider plants from different geographical areas exhibited differences in seed mineral composition, morphological traits, and germination capacity. To this end, twenty-nine accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra from West and East-Southern Africa, and Asia were screened for variation in seed size (area, perimeter, length, width), 10-seed weight, mean germination time, germination percentage and mineral content variations. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) solutds in G. gynandra exhibited better germination capacity. The Asian germplasm is a potential source of cultivars with a higher germination percentage for improving seed quality in the species.BACKGROUND The details of the folding mechanisms have not yet been fully understood for many proteins, and it is believed that the information on the folding mechanism of a protein is encoded in its amino acid sequence. β-trefoil proteins are known to have the same 3D scaffold, namely, a three-fold symmetric scaffold, despite the proteins' low sequence identity among superfamilies. In this study, we extract an initial folding unit from the amino acid sequences of irregular β-trefoil proteins by constructing an average distance map (ADM) and utilizing inter-residue average distance statistics to determine the relative contact frequencies for residue pairs in terms of F values. We compare our sequence-based prediction results with the packing between hydrophobic residues in native 3D structures and a Gō-model simulation. RESULTS The ADM and F-value analyses predict that the N-terminal and C-terminal regions are compact and that the hydrophobic residues at the central region can be regarded as an interaction center with other residues.