Clinical Studies inside Pheochromocytoma

d with invasive biologic behavior.Objective To investigate the expression of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) and its clinical significance, and to analyze its association with VHL gene mutation. Methods Twenty-four cases of ELST, which were surgically resected and diagnosed by pathological examination in Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China during 2012-2020, were recruited as the ELST group, and 24 cases of otitis media diagnosed in the same hospital were selected as the control group. The expression of VHL, VEGF, and HIF-1α was assessed using EnVision immunohistochemical staining and compared between the ELST and control groups. Sanger sequencing was performed to detect the VHL mutation status in 24 ELSTs. The correlations among VHL, VEGF and HIF-1α expression were analyzed. The associations of VHL, VEGF and HIF-1α expression with age of onset, gender, tumor size, bone invasion and clinical stage in ELST were also analyzed. Results The expression rate of VHL in the ELST group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05). Conclusions The expression of VHL is decreased while that of VEGF and HIF-1α increased in ELST. Expression of VHL is inversely correlated with that of VEGF and HIF-1α. The expression of VEGF and HIF-1α is correlated with bone invasion and clinical stage. this website Thus, VEGF and HIF-1α may be therapeutic targets of ELST.Objective To study the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells and CD8+T lymphocytes in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and to analyze the correlation of PD-L1 expression with infiltration of CD8+T lymphocytes and clinicopathologic features in salivary gland lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC). Methods Forty-two cases of primary salivary LECs and 21 cases of secondary salivary LECs were enrolled at the Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University between 2015 and 2017. The expression of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus, PD-L1 and CD8 was examined using chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software package. Results EB virus was detected in 61 cases (61/63, 96.8%), including 42 (42/42, 100%) primary LECs and 19 (19/21, 90.5%) secondary LECs. The PD-L1 positive rate (score ≥1) was 97.6% (41/42), and its high-expression rate (score ≥20) was 78.6% (33/42) in primary LECs. link2 The PD-L1 positive rate (score ≥1) was 71.4% (15/21), and its high-expression rate (≥20) was 38.1% (8/21) in secondary LECs. However, the PD-L1 positive rate (score ≥1, P=0.004) and high-expression rate (score ≥20, P=0.001) in primary LECs were higher than those in secondary LECs. There was no difference in the infiltration degree of CD8+T lymphocytes between primary and secondary LECs. There was a significant correlation between the expression of PD-L1 and CD8 in primary LECs (P=0.001) and in secondary LECs (P=0.048), respectively. Conclusions There is PD-L1 expression in primary and secondary salivary LECs, while the expression rate is higher in primary LECs than secondary LECs. The combination of PD-L1 expression and CD8+T lymphocytes' presence suggest that most LEC patients might be responsive to immunotherapy, and primary LECs might be more significantly responsive than secondary LECs.
Lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metals which contaminate the environment. People may be exposed to Pb by inhaling the contaminated air droplets and dust particles through drinking water or eating contaminated foods such as vegetables grown in lead-contaminated soils. This study aimed to examine the changes in Pb levels measured in roadside plant and soil samples that have been exposed to heavy traffic for years.
Sixty-three articles were searched using keywords from different databases. Twenty-five of the scanned articles were found to be relevant for the determined criteria. The Pb levels were evaluated according to the previously measured Pb levels in plant and soil samples collected from the roadside by years.
In the data collected from databases over the years, it was observed that there was a decrease in Pb accumulation in both soil and plant samples. Pb levels were higher in industrial cities and metropolitan areas than in rural areas.
In ealier studies, Pb levels have often been found to exceed safety limits. This may be due to the Pb added to gasoline in the past, as well as the low sensitivity of analytical methods used for measurement. The decrease over the years has been interpreted as the use of unleaded gasoline after 2004, taking essential measures to improve air quality and at the same time increasing the sensitivity of analytical methods.
In ealier studies, Pb levels have often been found to exceed safety limits. This may be due to the Pb added to gasoline in the past, as well as the low sensitivity of analytical methods used for measurement. The decrease over the years has been interpreted as the use of unleaded gasoline after 2004, taking essential measures to improve air quality and at the same time increasing the sensitivity of analytical methods.
(Ephedraceae) presents a wide range of biological activities. It is used to treat respiratory problems and hepatic pathologies in traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant,
and
anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of two hydro-alcoholic extracts of
in mice.
The antioxidant capacity of hydro-methanolic (HM) and hydro-ethanolic (HE) extracts of
was evaluated via assays of their superoxide radical scavenging capacity and ferrous ion chelating activity. The
anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was also determined using the bovine serum albumin denaturation test. Croton oil-induced ear edema was then employed to evaluate the
anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg). Finally, the analgesic activity of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) was determined by the acetic acid-induced torsion test.
The hydro-alcoholic extracts of
present significant antioxidant activity. The HE and HM could inhibit protein denaturation by 82.99%±20.21% and 56.25%±2.12%, respectively. link3 The extracts (HM and HE) also show strong anti-inflammatory effects
and could reduce ear edema by 70.37%±2.00% and 72.22%±1.94%, respectively. The HM extract (72.51%±2.43%) demonstrates greater pain inhibitory effects than HE (70.76%±2.58%).
The hydro-alcoholic extracts of E. nebrodensis produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. These results confirm the traditional use of the herb in the treatment of various diseases.
The hydro-alcoholic extracts of E. nebrodensis produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. These results confirm the traditional use of the herb in the treatment of various diseases.
The present study aimed to develop and validate a discriminative dissolution method for tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a Biopharmaceutical Classification System class II drug, by a simple ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric analysis. The final dissolution medium composition was selected based on the solubility and stability criteria of the drug.
As a prerequisite for this, the solubility of the drug was assessed in media of different pH (1.2-7.4), and surfactant concentrations of 0.5-1.5% (w/v) sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in water, and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. The dissolved drug concentration in each medium was quantified by UV analysis at 280 nm wavelength.
The drug solubility was found to be high at a pH of 1.2 and 7.4. The media with surfactant enhanced solubility of the drug by approximately 17-fold and exhibited better sink conditions. The discriminative power of the developed dissolution medium (i.e., 1% w/v SLS in pH 7.4) was determined by performing
dissolution studies of the prepared THC tablets and comparing their release profiles using fit factors (f1 and f2). The results of the fit factor comparisons made between the dissolution profiles of THC tablets proved the discriminative ability of the medium. The validation of the developed dissolution method was performed by international guidelines and the method showed specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision within the acceptable range.
The proposed dissolution method was found to be adequate for the routine quality control analysis of THC, as there is no specified dissolution method for the drug in the pharmacopoeia.
The proposed dissolution method was found to be adequate for the routine quality control analysis of THC, as there is no specified dissolution method for the drug in the pharmacopoeia.
This study aimed to determine the effect of
on the cell growth and hyphal formation of
and to understand the exact mechanism of candidal inhibition by the existence of
by metabolomic analysis.
Single- and dual-species biofilms of
and
were formed in a microtiter plate, and the metabolomic profiles of both biofilms was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The hyphal cell growth of
after treatment with both the supernatant and biofilm cells of
was examined microscopically. The expression levels of Efg1 and the images of
cell wall in single- and dual-species biofilms were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The violacein levels produced by Chromobacterium violaceum were measured to determine the quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory activity of single- and dual-species biofilms.
The biofilm cell growth, Efg1 expression, and hyphal development of
were inhibited by
. Compared to single-species be two species coexisted. Investigation of putrescine and pipecolic acid can be an important step to understand the inhibition of C. albicans by bacteria.
In the work presented here, the degradation behavior of azelnidipine under diverse forced degradation conditions was studied. A stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method was established which could separate and resolve azelnidipine from its degradation products. Further, chemical kinetics under acidic and alkaline conditions were studied, and validation studies were performed.
Using reversed-phase chromatography, azelnidipine and its formed degradants were resolved using phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and methanol in a mixture of 1090% v/v as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. All eluents were detected at a wavelength of 256 nm.
Azelnidipine was degraded under acid, alkali, wet heat, and oxidized environment. The pH-dependent rate of hydrolysis of azelnidipine was studied under acidic and alkaline conditions and chemical kinetics were determined. Further, the oxidative degradation product of azelnidipine was synthesized and characterized as 3-(1-benzhydrylazetidin-3-yl) 5-isopropyl 2-aminousceptible to degradation under acidic conditions. The synthesized and confirmed dehydro-AZD was found as one of the metabolites and impurities of azelnidipine. The evaluated validation parameters ascertained the practicality of the method for the quantification of azelnidipine tablets.