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Purpose To assess public preferences and perceptions regarding negative chest radiograph reports. Methods Using Amazon Mechanical Turk (Amazon Inc, Seattle, Washington), paid US English-speaking volunteers completed an 18-question survey. Participants were presented with the same two chest radiograph reports-one each in a freestyle and structured format-but randomized to one of four impression statements commonly used in our community. Participants were asked about content comprehension and confidence in the hypothetical interpreting radiologist. Results Over 15 days, 5,155 eligible participants completed the survey (of 6,363 respondents). Most reported prior chest radiography (68.9%) or any imaging (93.8%). Of those who underwent chest radiography, 77.6% reviewed their reports. Participants indicated structured reports were easier to comprehend (P less then .001) but no difference in perceived confidence in the radiologist with freestyle versus structured reports (P = .21). No differences in comprehension were noted between different impressions with either freestyle (P = .077) or structured (P = .083) reports. Participants indicated higher confidence in radiologists when structured reports indicated "no acute disease" versus "unremarkable" (P = .049). When impressions stated "no acute disease," participants indicated they would be more likely to do nothing, versus "negative chest" for which they indicated a higher likelihood of taking some action (P = .013, P = .04). Participant responses were similar for subgroups who previously underwent chest or other imaging and previously reviewed their imaging reports. Conclusion For negative chest radiographs, structured reports are better comprehended by the public and less likely to prompt unnecessary follow-up. As patients increasingly access their medical records online, radiologist reporting should consider patient needs and behavior.Temporally independent functional modes (TFMs) are functional brain networks identified based on their temporal independence. The rationale behind identifying TFMs is that different functional networks may share a common anatomical infrastructure yet display distinct temporal dynamics. Extracting TFMs usually require a larger number of samples than acquired in standard fMRI experiments, and thus have therefore previously only been performed at the group level. Here, using an ultra-fast fMRI sequence, MESH-EPI, with a volume repetition time of 158ms, we conducted an exploratory study with n=6 subjects and computed TFMs at the single subject level on both task and resting-state datasets. We identified 6 common temporal modes of activity in our participants, including a temporal default mode showing patterns of anti-correlation between the default mode and the task-positive networks, a lateralized motor mode and a visual mode integrating the visual cortex and the visual streams. AS2863619 chemical structure In alignment with other findings reported recently, we also showed that independent time-series are largely free from confound contamination. In particular for ultra-fast fMRI, TFMs can separate the cardiac signal from other fluctuations. Using a non-linear dimensionality reduction technique, UMAP, we obtained preliminary evidence that combinations of spatial networks as described by the TFM model are highly individual. Our results show that it is feasible to measure reproducible TFMs at the single-subject level, opening new possibilities for investigating functional networks and their integration. Finally, we provide a python toolbox for generating TFMs and comment on possible applications of the technique and avenues for further investigation.Cloned pigs generated by the somatic cell transfer nuclear (SCNT) technique are highly valuable for agriculture, biomedicine, and life sciences. However, the neonatal mortality rate of cloned pigs is very high. The reasons causing the massive loss of cloned pigs during their neonatal ages are unclear. In the present study, we found that the neonatal death of cloned pigs was associated with aberrant purine metabolism, impaired renal morphology and function, and decreased hepatic Hprt1 expression. The downregulation of Hprt1, a key purine metabolism regulation gene, in the liver was responsible for the elevation of an important purine metabolite, uric acid, in the serum, causing abnormalities in kidney morphology and function and leading to death of neonatal cloned pigs. This study provided insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the neonatal death of clone pigs, and results will help improve their survival rate.Confirmed to be a new type of food resource, quail egg can provide humans with high-quality protein and offer various nutrients that can promote growth and development. Post-translational modification of proteins can regulate their molecular structures and physiological functions. However, the understanding and related research of quail egg holoproteins and post-translationally modified proteins is not yet sufficient. This study provides an in-depth analysis of quail egg proteins using an omics strategy. A total of 175 proteins, 109 N-glycoproteins (293 N-glycosylation sites) and 23 phosphoproteins (84 phosphorylation sites) were identified. Motif analysis showed that N-glycosylation sites of quail eggs were classical sites. The main characteristic sequence of the phosphorylation site is "S-X-E" (77%). Functional analysis indicated that quail egg proteins, modified proteins were enriched in the regulation of enzyme activity. These results have significant reference value for understanding the structure, function of quail eggs, explaining the physicochemical reaction during the storage.Biological materials tested in compression, tension, and impact inspire designs for strong and tough materials, but torsion is a relatively neglected loading mode. The wood skeletons of cholla cacti, subject to spartan desert conditions and hurricane force winds, provide a new template for torsionally resilient biological materials. Novel mesostructural characterization methods of laser-scanning and photogrammetry are used alongside traditional optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography to identify mechanisms responsible for torsional resistance. These methods, in combination with finite element analysis reveal how cholla meso and macro-porosity and fibril orientation contribute to highly density-efficient mechanical behavior. Selective lignification and macroscopic tubercle pore geometry contribute to density-efficient shear stiffness, while mesoscopic wood fiber straightening, delamination, pore collapse, and fiber pullout provide extrinsic toughening mechanisms. These energy absorbing mechanisms are enabled by the hydrated material level properties.