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These results demonstrate how interactions among endophytic taxa determine the net effects on host plants and suggest that the myriad rare endophytes within plant leaves may be more than a collection of uninfluential, commensal organisms, but instead have meaningful ecological roles.
Qualitative.
The objective of this study was to examine whether individuals with a SCI would have considered Medical-Assistance-in-Dying (MAiD) following their SCI and whether these individuals felt they would have been able to make an informed decision about this potentially permanent option early in their experience.
Manitoba, Canada.
Participants with varying neurological levels of SCI and classification were included. The time since SCI ranged from <6 months to >50 years. A focus group of five individuals was conducted first to calibrate questions. Twenty-three participants were then individually interviewed. Participants' responses were transcribed and coded into themes.
Half of the participants reported having suicidal ideation within the first 2 years of experiencing a SCI. However, no participants thought that they would have been able to make an informed decision about MAiD during this time. Most participants reported that they were able to adapt and reframe their lives to alter their views. There was higher agreement that MAiD should be available for individuals who had experienced a reframed, informed view.
This study indicates that people with SCI do not feel that informed decision making about ending their life can be made early after SCI despite high levels of reported suicidal ideation in that early time frame. A reframing process helps to facilitate informed decisions about living with a SCI. The reframing process is correlated with opportunities of rehabilitation, peer mentor support, and re-integration into the community.
This study indicates that people with SCI do not feel that informed decision making about ending their life can be made early after SCI despite high levels of reported suicidal ideation in that early time frame. A reframing process helps to facilitate informed decisions about living with a SCI. The reframing process is correlated with opportunities of rehabilitation, peer mentor support, and re-integration into the community.
Statins' cholesterol-lowering efficacy is well-known. Recent epidemiological studies have found that inhibition of cholesterol synthesis may have beneficial effects on prostate cancer (PCa) patients, especially patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We evaluated statins' effect on prostate cancer prognosis among patients treated with ADT.
Our study population consisted of 8253 PCa patients detected among the study population of the Finnish randomized study of screening for prostate cancer. These were limited to 4428 men who initiated ADT during the follow-up. Cox proportional regression model adjusted for tumor clinical characteristics and comorbidities was used to estimate hazard ratios for risk of PSA relapse after ADT initiation and prostate cancer death.
During the median follow-up of 6.3 years after the ADT initiation, there were 834 PCa deaths and 1565 PSA relapses in a study cohort. Statin use after ADT was associated with a decreased risk of PSA relapse (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.65-0.82) and prostate cancer death (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.69-0.96). In contrast, statin use defined with a one-year lag (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.76-1.04), statin use before ADT initiation (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.96-1.31), and use in the first year on ADT (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.85-1.24) were not associated with prostate cancer death, without dose dependency.
Statin use after initiation of ADT, but not before, was associated with improved prostate cancer prognosis.
Statin use after initiation of ADT, but not before, was associated with improved prostate cancer prognosis.
High-risk prostate cancer is associated with adverse pathology and unfavorable outcomes after radical prostatectomy.
Ga-PSMA PET/CT is more accurate than conventional imaging for preoperative staging. We aimed to evaluate whether lymph node involvement on
Ga-PSMA PET/CT prior to radical prostatectomy in patients with high-risk prostate cancer is associated with worse short-term oncologic outcomes.
We retrospectively reviewed 149 patients with high-risk localized or locoregional prostate cancer who underwent
Ga-PSMA PET/CT prior to radical prostatectomy between 2015 and 2020. None of the patients received neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment. Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid mouse The study endpoints were PSA persistence and biochemical recurrence. Logistic regression models were used to identify preoperative predictors of PSA persistence. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to estimate biochemical recurrence-free survival.
Of 149 identified patients, 19 (13%) were found to have lymph node involvement on preoperative
Ga-PSMA PET/CT. The sens prostatectomy without adjuvant treatment. Future studies will evaluate whether these results are sustained during long-term follow-up.
An increased risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) exists when moderate-to-large patent ductus arteriosus shunts (hsPDA) persist beyond 14 days.
To examine the interaction between prolonged exposures to tracheal ventilation (≥10 days) and hsPDA on the incidence of BPD in infants <28 weeks gestation.
Predefined definitions of prolonged ventilation (≥10 days), hsPDA (≥14 days), and BPD (room air challenge test at 36 weeks) were used to analyze deidentified data from the multicenter TRIOCAPI RCT in a secondary analysis of the trial.
Among 307 infants who survived >14 days, 41 died before 36 weeks. Among survivors, 93/266 had BPD. The association between BPD and hsPDA depended on the length of intubation. In multivariable analyses, prolonged hsPDA shunts were associated with increased BPD (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 3.00 (1.58-5.71)) when infants required intubation for ≥10 days. In contrast, there was no significant association between hsPDA exposure and BPD when infants wwith a moderate-to-large hsPDA that persist beyond 14 days are only at risk for developing BPD if they also receive prolonged tracheal ventilation for ≥10 days. Infants who receive less ventilatory support (intubation for less then 10 days) have the same incidence of BPD whether the ductus closes shortly after birth or whether it persists as a moderate-to-large shunt for several weeks. Early PDA closure may be unnecessary in infants who require short durations of intubation since the PDA does not seem to alter the incidence of BPD in infants who require intubation for less then 10 days.