Design translation factors with regard to anatomical code development

We present a wavelength tunable, coupled-cavity laser in a standard indium phosphide multiproject wafer shuttle which did not support distributed feedback gratings. The single-mode operation was enabled by reflections from slots in the laser cavity. The wavelength of the laser emission was tunable over 20 nm near a wavelength of 1560 nm via the currents applied to each section of the laser. A maximum side-mode suppression ratio of 46 dB was observed. The delayed self-heterodyne spectrum of the laser showed a Voigt line shape, corresponding to optical linewidths of 3.7 MHz for the Lorentzian and 88 MHz for the Gaussian contributions.A watt-level all-fiber laser radiating at the wavelength of 1.7 μm in a continuous-wave regime was developed by using bismuth-doped high-germania optical fiber. A maximum slope efficiency of 33% with respect to the launched pump power was achieved. The dependencies of the slope efficiencies of bismuth-doped fiber laser versus the length of active fiber and reflectivity of the output mirror were obtained.A simple, in-line method for real-time full characterization (amplitude and phase) of propagation distortions arising because of group velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation on 10-20 Gbps transmitted NRZ optical signals is reported. It is based on phase reconstruction using optical ultrafast differentiation (PROUD), a linear and self-referenced technique. The flexibility of the technique is demonstrated by characterizing different data stream scenarios. Experimental results were modeled using conventional propagation equations, showing good agreement with the measured data. It is envisaged that the proposed method could be used in combination with DSP techniques for the estimation and compensation of propagation distortions in fiber links, not only in conventional IM/DD systems, but also in coherent systems with advanced modulation formats.To access the wavelength within the 1.1-1.3 μm region, we have developed a quantum-dot (QD) laser with an external-cavity configuration and a linewidth of kilohertz at a 1 ms integration time. The residual electroluminescence, due to the inhomogeneous broadening of the QD gain medium, was observed and filtered out using a grating. While a fiber-coupled electro-optical modulator was employed, this laser system was locked to a high-finesse (F∼18,500) optical cavity, and noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy was used to observe weak transitions. The Doppler-broadened spectra of a weak N(2)O transition at 1.283 μm are obtained with a signal-to-noise ratio of 30 for a gas pressure of 54 mTorr. The minimum noise-equivalent absorption coefficient is 5.3×10(-10)  cm(-1) Hz(-1/2). This system can be a powerful and stable light source for atomic parity nonconservation measurements using thallium, ytterbium, lead, and iodine.We demonstrate an extended cavity Faraday laser system using an antireflection-coated laser diode as the gain medium and the isotope (87)Rb Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as the frequency selective device. AZD8186 Using this method, the laser wavelength works stably at the highest transmission peak of the isotope (87)Rb FADOF over the laser diode current from 55 to 140 mA and the temperature from 15°C to 35°C. Neither the current nor the temperature of the laser diode has significant influence on the output frequency. Compared with previous extended cavity laser systems operating at frequencies irrelevant to spectacular atomic transition lines, the laser system realized here provides a stable laser source with the frequency operating on atomic transitions for many practical applications.We present the demonstration of high-gradient laser acceleration and deflection of electrons with silicon dual-pillar grating structures using both evanescent inverse Smith-Purcell modes and coupled modes. Our devices accelerate subrelativistic 86.5 and 96.3 keV electrons by 2.05 keV over 5.6 μm distance for accelerating gradients of 370 MeV/m with a 3 nJ mode-locked Tisapphire laser. We also show that dual pillars can produce uniform accelerating gradients with a coupled-mode field profile. These results represent a significant step toward making practical dielectric laser accelerators for ultrafast, medical, and high-energy applications.A widely tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on a self-injection-locked monolithic dual-mode amplified feedback laser (DM-AFL) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed OEO structure, the DM-AFL functions as an active tunable microwave photonic filter (MPF). By tuning the injection current applied on the amplifier section of the AFL, tunable microwave outputs ranging from 32 to 41 GHz and single sideband phase noises below -97  dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset from the carriers were realized.Both the Jones and Mueller matrices encounter difficulties when physically modeling mixed materials or rough surfaces due to the complexity of light-matter interactions. To address these issues, we derived a matrix called the paths correlation matrix (PCM), which is a probabilistic mixture of Jones matrices of every light propagation path. Because PCM is related to actual light propagation paths, it is well suited for physical modeling. Experiments were performed, and the reflection PCM of a mixture of polypropylene and graphite was measured. The PCM of the mixed sample was accurately decomposed into pure polypropylene's single reflection, pure graphite's single reflection, and depolarization caused by multiple reflections, which is consistent with the theoretical derivation. Reflection parameters of rough surface can be calculated from PCM decomposition, and the results fit well with the theoretical calculations provided by the Fresnel equations. These theoretical and experimental analyses verify that PCM is an efficient way to physically model light-matter interactions.We propose a novel design for a multilayer bandpass filter in which every resonant dielectric layer is separated from adjacent dielectric layers or from the ambient by a nonresonant grating of strip conductors on the layer interface. Here, every grating acts as a mirror with specified transparency. Relative to the conventional multilayer bandpass filter with multilayer dielectric mirrors, the proposed filter has multiply extended stop bands below and above the passband. Additionally, we provide formulas for computing the filter's frequency response. A comparison between the computed frequency responses for the proposed and conventional filters with the same passband is presented.A widely tunable mode-locked fiber laser using a carbon nanotube absorber and a fiber-optic W-shaped spectral filter is presented. The W-shaped filter is constructed by sandwiching a phase-shifted long-period grating between two LPGs of different periods. By adjusting the temperature of the W-shaped filter from 23°C to 100°C, the central wavelength of the mode-locked fiber laser can be continuously tuned from 1597 to 1553 nm. The tuning range is further extended to 1531.6 nm when a shorter erbium-doped fiber is used in the fiber oscillator. The experimental results reveal that the large thermal tunability of the proposed LPG filter provides an effective approach to achieve compact widely tunable mode-locked fiber lasers covering both C and L bands.We solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE) using a recently proposed mathematical particle method, originally developed for solving general functional equations. We show that, in the case of the RTE, it gives several advantages, such as handling arbitrary boundary conditions and phase functions and avoiding numerical instability in strongly forward-scattering media. We also solve the RTE, including fluorescence, and an example is shown with a fluorescence cascade where light is absorbed and emitted in several steps. We show that the evaluated particle method is straightforward to implement, which is in contrast with many traditional RTE solvers, but a potential drawback is the tuning of the method parameters.Stable tissue phantoms that incorporate the spectral absorption properties of hemoglobin would benefit a wide range of biophotonic technologies. Toward this end, we have developed and validated a novel polymer material incorporating hemoglobin. Our solid hemoglobin-polymer (SHP) material is fabricated by mixing liquid silicone base with a hemoglobin solution, followed by sonication and low temperature curing. The optical properties of samples were determined over 450-1000 nm using the inverse adding-doubling method and the Beer-Lambert law. Measurements indicated SHP optical stability over four months. Near-infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging measurements of SHP samples were performed to demonstrate the utility of this approach. SHP materials have the potential to improve tissue-simulating phantoms used for development, evaluation, and standardization of optical devices for oximetry and other applications.In this Letter, we present a new method for generation of circularly polarized attosecond pulses. According to our calculations, shape-controlled, carrier-envelope-phase stable pulses of several hundred nanojoule energy could be produced by exploitation of the coherent undulator radiation of an electron bunch. Our calculations are based on an existing particle accelerator system (FLASH II in DESY, Germany). We investigated the energy dependence of the attosecond pulses on the energy of electrons and the parameters of the radiator undulator, which generate the electromagnetic radiation.We report implementation of a monolithically integrated 100 Gbps dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) wavelength tunable coherent receiver on a 1  mm×3  mm die that consists of a tunable C-Band local oscillator with a 40 nm range, eight 30 GHz photodetectors, and two parallel 90° optical hybrids. A BER of 10(-3) with an OSNR of 7.5 dB operating at 50 Gbps NRZ-QPSK data per channel is reported.We report the first mode-locked fiber laser using a chalcogenide microwire as the nonlinear medium. The laser is passively mode-locked with nonlinear polarization rotation and can be adjusted for the emission of solitons or noise-like pulses. The use of the microwire leads to a mode-locking threshold at the microwatt level and shortens the cavity length by 4 orders of magnitude with respect to other lasers of its kind. The controlled birefringence of the microwire, combined with a linear polarizer in the cavity, enables multiwavelength laser operation with tunable central wavelength, switchable wavelength separation, and a variable number of laser wavelengths.We present a digital architecture for fast acquisition of time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) events from a 32×32 complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) single photon avalanche detector (SPAD) array (Megaframe) to the computer memory. Custom firmware was written to transmit event codes from 1024-TCSPC-enabled pixels for fast transfer of TCSPC events. Our 1024-channel TCSPC system is capable of acquiring up to 0.5×10(9) TCSPC events per second with 16 histogram bins spanning a 14 ns width. Other options include 320×10(6) TCSPC events per second with 256 histogram bins spanning either a 14 or 56 ns time window. We present a wide-field fluorescence microscopy setup demonstrating fast fluorescence lifetime data acquisition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fastest direct TCSPC transfer from a single photon counting device to the computer to date.