A selfassembling nanoparticle Implications for the development of thermostable vaccine individuals

Structurally complex diazo-containing scaffolds are formed by conjugate addition to vinyl diazonium salts. The electrophile, a little studied α-diazonium-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, is formed at low temperature under mild conditions by treating β-hydroxy-α-diazo carbonyls with Sc(OTf) 3 . Conjugate addition occurs selectively at the 3-position of indole to give α-diazo-β-indole carbonyls, and enoxy silanes react to give 2-diazo-1,4-dicarbonyl products. These reactions result in the formation of tertiary and quaternary centers, and give products that would be otherwise difficult to form. Importantly, the diazo functional group is retained within the molecule for future manipulation. Treating a α-diazo ester indole addition product with Rh2(OAc)4 caused a rearrangement to occur to give a 2-(1 H -indol-3-yl)-2-enoate. In the case of diazo ketone compounds, this shift occurred spontaneously on prolonged exposure to the Lewis acidic reaction conditions. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. find more KGaA, Weinheim.Guanine radicals are important reactive intermediates in DNA damage. Hydroxyl radical (HO•) has long been believed to react with 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) generating 2'-deoxyguanosin- N1 -yl radical (dG(N1-H)•) via addition to the nucleobase π-system and subsequent dehydration. This basic tenet was challenged by an alternative mechanism, in which the major reaction of HO• with dG was proposed to involve hydrogen atom abstraction from the N2-amine. The 2'-deoxyguanosin- N2 -yl radical (dG(N2-H)•) formed was proposed to rapidly tautomerize to dG(N1-H)•. We report the first independent generation of dG(N2-H)• in high yield via photolysis of 1 . dG(N2-H)• is directly observed upon nanosecond laser flash photolysis (LFP) of 1 . The absorption spectrum of dG(N2-H)• is corroborated by DFT studies, and anti - and syn -dG(N2-H)• are resolved for the first time. The LFP experiments showed no evidence for tautomerization of dG(N2-H)• to dG(N1-H)• within hundreds of microseconds. This observation suggests that the generation of dG(N1-H)• via dG(N2-H)• following hydrogen atom abstraction from dG is unlikely to be a major pathway when HO• reacts with dG. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The value of myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in pre-transplant evaluation of kidney transplant recipients is controversial. We assessed whether myocardial SPECT predicts major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and determined whether SPECT findings affected transplant recipients´ medical and invasive treatment. We analyzed 301 patients referred for myocardial SPECT before kidney transplantation and combined the results with information from patient files and the Transplantation registry. During the median follow-up time of 96 months (IQR 70.75-118.25 months), the incidence of MACE was higher in patients (n=37) with severely abnormal SPECT (>10 % reversible perfusion defect) than in patients (n=35) with mildly abnormal or normal SPECT (51.4%, 29.4% and 27.0%, respectively, p=0.011). Severely abnormal SPECT findings predicted long-term MACE in a univariable analysis but not after adjusting for other risk factors. Following SPECT, 29 patients (9.6%) underwent coronary angiography and 14 (4.6%) were revascularized. New antithrombotic or statin medication was prescribed to 7.3% of patients with ischemia in SPECT. Kidney transplantation patients are at high long-term risk of MACE even with normal preoperative myocardial SPECT. Abnormal SPECT did not predict MACE when adjusted for other risk factors. Minority of the patients underwent coronary revascularization or had changes in preventive medication before transplantation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Glassy polyimide membranes are attractive for industrial applications in sour natural gas purification. Unfortunately, the lack of fundamental understanding of relationships between polyimide chemical structures and their gas transport properties in the presence of H2S constrains the design and engineering of advanced membranes for such challenging applications. Herein, 6FDA-based polyimide membranes with engineered structures were synthesized to tune their CO2/CH4 and H2S/CH4 separation performances and plasticization properties. Under ternary mixed sour gas feeds, controlling polymer chain packing and plasticization tendency of such polyimide membranes via tuning the chemical structures were found to offer better combined H2S and CO2 removal efficiency compared to conventional polymers. Fundamental insights into structure-property relationships of 6FDA-based polyimide membranes observed in this study offer guidance for next generation membranes for sour natural gas separation. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has casted a huge impact on global public health and economy. In this challenging situation, older people are vulnerable to the infection and the secondary effects of the pandemic and need special attentions. To evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 on older people, it is important to balance the successful pandemic control and active management of secondary consequences. These considerations are especially salient in the Asian context, with its diversity among countries in terms of sociocultural heritage, healthcare setup and availability of resources. Thus, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia summarized the considerations of Asian countries focusing on responses and difficulties in each country, impacts of health inequity related to COVID-19 pandemic and proposed recommendations for older people which are germane to the Asian context. More innovative services should be developed to address the increasing demands for new approaches to deliver health care in the difficult times and to establish resilient health care systems for older people. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Misra and colleagues have performed a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing two surgical tools in the treatment of endometriosis (hook electrodiathermy versus helium thermal coagulator (HTC)) (Misra et al. BJOG 2020; xxxx). The primary outcome evaluated was cyclical pain 12-weeks post-operatively, assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0- 100mm). Ablation or excision (or both) of endometriosis was performed at the discretion of the surgeon in 192 women using only the randomised surgical tool. The authors report for the primary outcome that VAS scores were significantly lower in the electrodiathermy group compared with the HTC group (adjusted mean difference (MD)=9.43mm; p=0.039). However, this was not thought to be "clinically" significant based on the author's pre-study definition of clinical significance (18mm on VAS). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.