Alignment TRPM8 signalling within the general response to environmental chilly in ageing

SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like (SPL) family plays vital regulatory roles in plant growth and development. The SPL family in climacteric fruit Carica papaya has not been reported. This study identified 14 papaya SPLs (CpSPL) from papaya genome and analyzed their sequence features, phylogeny, intron/exon structure, conserved motif, miR156-mediated posttranscriptional regulation, and expression patterns. 14 CpSPLs were clustered into 8 groups, and two distinct expression patterns were revealed for miR156-targeted and nontargeted CpSPLs in different tissues and fruit development stages. The expression changes of CpSPLs in ethephon and 1-MCP treated fruit during ripening suggested that the CpSPLs guided by CpmiR156 play crucial roles in ethylene signaling pathway. This study sheds light on the new function of SPL family in fruit development and ripening, providing insights on understanding evolutionary divergence of the members of SPL family among plant species. see more AIMS The aim of the study was to determine the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in elderly diabetic patients with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to examine factors (including 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hsCRP) associated with MCI in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS A total of 194 T2DM elders were evaluated 62 subjects with MCI and 132 controls. Data was collected concerning biochemical parameters and biomarkers. RESULTS HsCRP concentration was elevated and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was decreased in MCI patients to controls. HsCRP level was negatively correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and with MoCA score, and highly correlated with HbA1c level. The multivariable analysis indicated that less years of formal education, previous CVD and hypertension, increased number of co-morbidities, higher level of hsCRP and lower level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, are the predisposing factors for MCI. CONCLUSIONS Higher hsCRP level and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be regarded as a state of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with T2DM. Further prospective larger studies should be conducted to check the association between decreased vitamin D and risk of cognitive decline and to clarify whether this association may be mediated by systemic inflammation. One of the key challenges that we face in the 21st century is the need to feed an ever-increasing human population with increasingly limited natural resources. Even today it is estimated that roughly 1 out of 9 people in the world are undernourished, of which the most important factor is protein-energy malnutrition. By establishing microalgae as a new food and feed platform, we have the opportunity to increase the supply of these essential products to address global demands in a more efficient and environmentally sustainable way. Many types of algae are nutritionally complete foods, their yields outperform most plant crops, and there is a growing set of tools to develop improved strains of algae. Similar improvements were achieved in traditional crops through thousands of years of breeding and strain selection, whereas with the newest genetic engineering tools and advanced strain selection techniques, similar changes can be implemented in microalgae in just a few years. Here we describe different strategies that could be used to enhance the nutritional content, productivity, and organoleptic traits of algae to help drive development of this new crop. Clearly developing more efficient, sustainable, and nutritious foods and feed would be an enormous benefit for the planet, and algae represents an opportunity to develop a new crop that would complement traditional agriculture, and one that could potential result in a more efficient means to meet the world's food and feed supply. Impaired social facilitation was reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children. However, behavioral analysis methods of social facilitation for ASD model have not been reported. We developed a novel breeding home cage for social facilitation. Voluntary exercise of more social C57BL/6 J mice was significantly increased in the presence of observer mouse compared to that in the absence of observer mouse. In contrast, the presence of observer mouse did not affect voluntary exercise of less social BALB/cCrSlc mice. These suggest that BALB/cCrSlc mice, a mouse model of ASD, exhibited impaired social facilitation. Our method would provide novel clues for ASD pathophysiology. Glia use multiple mechanisms to mediate potassium fluxes that support neuronal function. In addition to changes in potassium levels within synapses, these ions are dynamically dispersed through the interstitial parenchyma, perivascular spaces, leptomeninges, cerebrospinal fluid, choroid plexus, blood, vitreous, and endolymph. Neural circuits drive diversity in the glia that buffer potassium and this is reciprocal. Glia mediate buffering of potassium locally at glial-neuronal interfaces and via widespread networked connections. Control of potassium levels in the central nervous system is mediated by mechanisms operating at various loci with complexity that is difficult to model. However, major components of networked glial buffering are known. The role that potassium buffering plays in homeostasis of the CNS underlies some pathologic phenomena. An overview of potassium fluxes in the CNS is relevant for understanding consequences of pathogenic sequence variants in genes that encode potassium buffering proteins. Potassium flows in the CNS are described as follows K1, the coordinated potassium fluxes within the astrocytic cradle around the synapse; K2, temporary storage of potassium within astrocytic processes in proposed microdomains; K3, potassium fluxes between oligodendrocytes and astrocytes; K4, potassium fluxes between astrocytes; K5, astrocytic potassium flux mediation of neurovasular coupling; K6, CSF delivery of potassium to perivascular spaces with dispersion to interstitial fluid between astrocytic endfeet; K7, astrocytic delivery of potassium to CSF and K8, choroid plexus (modified glia) regulation of potassium at the blood-CSF barrier. Components, mainly potassium channels, transporters, connexins and modulators, and the pathogenic sequence variants of their genes with the associated diseases are described. This study aimed to research the effect of miR-149 on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced inflammation and apoptosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mouse model with NAFLD was established by feeding with a high-fat diet, and the model establishment was subsequently confirmed by H&E staining and oil red O staining. MiR-149 agomir was injected into NAFLD mice to observe changes in liver tissues. After cell transfection, qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to measure the expressions of lipid metabolism-related proteins (SCD-1, PPARα, and ABCA1), miR-149 and ATF6. Luciferase reporter gene assay was applied to verify the relationship between miR-149 and ATF6. Inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NF-κB) and apoptotic-related factors (caspase-12 and CHOP) were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. qRT-PCR and Western blot were applied to detect expressions of ATF6 signaling pathway-related proteins (GRP94 and Akt). NAFLD progression was attenuated in mice injected with miR-149 agomir. The expression of miR-149 was reduced in liver tissues of NAFLD mice, while the expression of ATF6 was increased. Transfection of miR-149 can result in a decrease of ATF6 expression. ATF6 was a target gene of miR-149. MiR-149 could down-regulate the expressions of inflammatory factors and apoptotic-related factors. MiR-149 could down-regulate expressions of ATF6 signaling pathway-related proteins. MiR-149 alleviates ERS-induced inflammation and apoptosis by down-regulating the ATF6 signaling pathway, thus inhibiting the progression of NAFLD. Development of chemotherapy resistance remains a major obstacle for glioma management. Exosome-mediated transfer of circular RNAs (circRNAs) are being found to have relevance to many human cancers, including glioma. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of exosomal circRNA nuclear factor I X (CircNFIX) on temozolomide (TMZ) chemoresistance in glioma. Our results indicated that exosomal CircNFIX was up-regulated in the serum of TMZ-resistant patients and predicted poor prognosis. Exosomal CircNFIX from TMZ-resistant cells conferred TMZ resistance to recipient sensitive cells through the enhancement of cell migration and invasion and the repression of cell apoptosis under TMZ exposure. CircNFIX directly interacted with miR-132 by binding to miR-132. CircNFIX knockdown enhanced TMZ sensitivity in resistant glioma cells by up-regulating miR-132. Additionally, exosomal CircNFIX promoted tumor growth and its depletion enhanced TMZ sensitivity in glioma cells in vivo. Taken together, our study suggests that exosome-mediated transfer of CircNFIX enhances TMZ resistance in glioma at least partially through sponging miR-132, highlighting a potentially prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for improving the clinical benefits of TMZ treatment in patients with glioma. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the major viruses of acute respiratory tract disease among infants and young children. We performed molecular epidemiology analysis of RSV among inpatient children in Guangzhou, China. Phylogenetic and Bayesian analysis showed that genotype ON1 was the only subgroup A virus in this study. Interestingly, the majority of Guangzhou ON1 strains formed a well-supported cluster, and these strains shared a novel set of five amino acid substitutions that never illustrated before. Furthermore, the degree of disease severity was assessed using a severity scoring system. The patients carrying the novel RSV A strain were associated with milder respiratory symptoms compared to other RSV A positives. In conclusion, a specific set of five amino acid substitutions was found in China and further analysis showed that disease severity was associated with these alterations. These findings will provide valuable information for the pathogenic mechanism and vaccine development of RSV. Despite high coverage with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine in the United States, outbreaks of mumps occur in close contact settings such as schools, colleges, and camps. Starting in late 2015, outbreaks were reported from several universities, and by the end of 2017, greater than 13,800 cases had been reported nation-wide. In 2013, the CDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories contracted four Vaccine Preventable Diseases Reference Centers (VPD-RCs) to perform real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect mumps RNA in clinical samples and to determine the genotype. Twelve genotypes of mumps virus are currently recognized by the World Health Organization, and the standard protocol for genotyping requires sequencing the entire gene coding for the small hydrophobic (SH) protein. Phylogenetic analysis of the 1862 mumps samples genotyped from 2015 through 2017 showed that the overall diversity of genotypes detected was low. Only 0.8 % of the sequences were identified as genotypes C, H, J, or K, and 0.