Congenital Cardiovascular disease

Phytocannabinoids are a broad class of compounds uniquely synthesized by the various strains of Cannabis sativa. Up to date, most investigation on phytocannabinoids have been addressed to the most abundant species, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, for their well-known wide range of pharmaceutical activities. However, in the recent years a large number of minor constituents have been reported, whose role in cannabis pharmacological effects is of current scientific interest. With the purpose of gaining knowledge on major and minor species and furnishing a strategy for their untargeted analysis, in this study we present an innovative approach for comprehensively identifying phytocannabinoids based on high-resolution mass spectrometry in negative ion mode, which allows discrimination of the various isomeric species. For a faster and more reliable manual validation of the tandem mass spectra of known and still unknown species, an extensive database of phytocannabinoid derivatives was compiled and implemented on Compound Discoverer software for the setup of a dedicated data analysis tool. The method was applied to extracts of the Italian FM-2 medicinal cannabis, resulting in the identification of 121 phytocannabinoids, which is the highest number ever reported in a single analysis. Among those, many known and still unknown unconventional phytocannabinoids have been tentatively identified, another piece in the puzzle of unravelling the many uncharted applications of this matrix.Via the facile photopolymerization and thiol-ene click chemistry, a hydrophilic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing affinity monolithic column with a high load of aptamers and fast preparation was presented, and successfully applied to the efficient specific recognition and sensitive detection of zearalenone (ZEN) by coupling with HPLC. BSJ-03-123 mw Optimization of polymerization reaction and polymer recipe were studied, and characteristics such as structural morphology, affinity performance and specificity to ZEN were evaluated. A highly hydrophilic POSS-based aptamer affinity monolith was rapidly prepared in 1.1 h, and a high capacity of aptamer reached 2772.61 pmol/μL that was much higher than that of the current POSS-based aptamer affinity monoliths. By this way, the hydrophilic nature and aptamer coverage indensity in POSS monoliths were well improved. The mixed-mode mechanism including aptamer affinity recognition and hydrophilic interaction were employed for the specific analysis of ZEN. Applied to the monitoring of ZEN, a good selective recognition and sensitive detection were obtained with the detection limit (LOD) of 0.02 ng/mL. The stability and reproducibility were acceptable and the intra-day, inter-day and column-to-column relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the ZEN recovery were gained in the range from 2.28% to 5.32%, respectively. Satisfactory recoveries of ZEN in rice samples were realized ad 98.6 ± 2.8%-100.8 ± 2.0%. It might provide a preferable access to online specific analysis of ZEN via the hydrophilic POSS-based affinity monolith with a large capacity of aptamers and a high preparation efficiency.In recent years, two-dimensional transition metal oxide nanomaterials (2D TMONs) have drawn increasing attention due to their various functionalization, tunable electronic characteristics, unique optical properties, excellent chemical and thermal stabilities, large surface area and strong oxidation ability. The metal ions of 2D TMONs usually possessed the unfilled d-orbital. Furthermore, 2D TMONs contained oxygen ion in comparison with other 2D nanomaterials. Thus, 2D TMONs has a series of features which included reactive electronic transitions, high dielectric constants, wide bandgaps and excellent electrical property. They could act as quencher to quench the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent sensor or electrochemiluminescence. Recently, they have been demonstrated both excellent biological compatibility and good dispersion for the oxygen ions. These properties endow 2D TMONs could be used in optic, electronic, catalytic, energy technology, biosensing to biomedical diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we provide a brief overview regarding the progress of 2D TMONs based biosensors that function through various analytical methods including fluorescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemical and colorimetric in recent five years. The review may do some help to the researchers who are interested in 2D TMONs based biosensors.β-Galactosidase (β-gal) which is overexpressed in primary ovarian cancer can be employed as a valuable biomarker for ovarian cancer. Thus, monitoring and imaging endogenous β-gal in living cells is of great importance. Herein, a dicyanoisophorone-based near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe 2-(5,5-dimethyl-3-((E)-4-(((2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)styryl)cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)malononitrile named DP-βgal, was rationally designed and synthesized for the monitoring of β-gal activity in living cells. In the presence of β-gal, with the breaking of the glycosidic bond, the NIR fluorescence of the dicyanoisophorone derivative gradually recovered, enabling the fluorescence "off-on" quantitative determination of β-gal activity. DP-βgal has the advantages of good selectivity and high sensitivity for the detection of β-gal, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 3.2 × 10-3 U. Furthermore, based on its advantages of long-wavelength emission and excellent biocompatibility, the practical applications of DP-βgal in NIR imaging of β-gal in living ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3) were demonstrated.The effect-directed analysis on a planar chromatogram allows for fast non-target screening, multi-imaging detection of effects (bioprofiling) and highly targeted characterization and isolation of bioactive compounds. For direct characterization by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), however, the orthogonal hyphenation of two different liquid chromatographic techniques (planar and column chromatography) is still underexplored. In particular, it can be helpful in case of coeluting compounds. Exemplarily, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) leaf extract was analysed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography in combination with bioactivity assays for antibacterial (against the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and the Gram-negative Aliivibrio fischeri) and α-glucosidase-inhibitory compounds (HPTLC-UV/Vis/FLD-EDA). High-resolution mass spectra of two bioactive compound zones were directly recorded via an elution head-based interface. By HPTLC-HESI-HRMS, the compound in zone a inhibited A. fischeri and was identified as linolenic acid, whereas the two closely related constitutional isomers oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were present in zone b.