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Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), countries around the world have suffered heavy losses of life and property. The global pandemic poses a challenge to the global public health system, and public health organizations around the world are actively looking for ways to quickly and efficiently screen for viruses. Point-of-care testing (POCT), as a fast, portable, and instant detection method, is of great significance in infectious disease detection, disease screening, pre-disease prevention, postoperative treatment, and other fields. Microfluidic technology is a comprehensive technology that involves various interdisciplinary disciplines. It is also known as a lab-on-a-chip (LOC), and can concentrate biological and chemical experiments in traditional laboratories on a chip of several square centimeters with high integration. Therefore, microfluidic devices have become the primary implementation platform of POCT technology. POCT devices based on microfluidic technology combine the advantages of both POCT and microfluids, and are expected to shine in the biomedical field. This review introduces microfluidic technology and its applications in combination with other technologies.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present with extrapulmonary manifestations, including hematologic changes. Previous studies suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) can interact with the renin-angiotensin system, ultimately causing increased production of angiotensin II. By reporting the cases of previously healthy young adults diagnosed with a hematologic malignancy after experiencing COVID-19, we raise the hypothesis that the SARS-Cov-2 infection could act as a trigger for leukemogenesis in predisposed individuals.
This was a case series performed through extraction of relevant clinical information from the medical records of three patients admitted to our Hematology unit between August 2020 and September 2020.
Considering the relatively rapid development of cytopenias following recovery from COVID-19, it cannot be ruled out that SARS-Cov-2 played a role in leukemogenesis in those patients. Based on previous
studies, the renin-angiotensin system imbalance induced by SARS-CoV-2 could potentially promote
leukemogenesis through several mechanisms.
Despite the advances in pathophysiological and clinical characterization of COVID-19, the consequences of the pandemic to the incidence of hematologic diseases are still to be elucidated. In this context, future dissection of the status of the local bone marrow renin-angiotensin system in leukemogenesis is a clinically relevant basic research area.
Despite the advances in pathophysiological and clinical characterization of COVID-19, the consequences of the pandemic to the incidence of hematologic diseases are still to be elucidated. In this context, future dissection of the status of the local bone marrow renin-angiotensin system in leukemogenesis is a clinically relevant basic research area.
Physical activity and exercise improve function, symptom control, and health-related quality of life (QoL) for many cancer survivors; however, the evidence is limited and inconsistent in lung cancer. We examined the relationship between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and health-related QoL in a national sample of US lung cancer survivors.
We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We defined LTPA as a self-report of engaging in any physical activity or exercise such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for exercise in the past 30 days, health-related QoL as the number of days of having poor physical or mental health in the past 30 days, and general health status. We analyzed using multivariable logistic regressions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Among 614 lung cancer survivors, 316 (51.5%) reported engaging in LTPA. The counts (and proportions) of participants who engaged in LTPA vs no LTPA were, respectively, 135 (42.7%) vs 63 (21.1%) for 0 days of poor physical health, 222 (70.3%) vs 174 (58.4%) for 0 days of poor mental health, and 158 (50.0%) vs 77 (25.8%) for good to excellent general health. In multivariable analyses, participating in LTPA was associated with odds ratios of 2.64 (95% CI = 1.76 to 3.96) and 1.43 (95% CI = 0.97 to 2.10) for 0 days of poor physical and mental health, respectively, and 2.61 (95% CI = 1.74 to 3.91) for good to excellent general health.
Participating in LTPA was associated with improved health-related QoL. Interventions to promote LTPA and/or exercise-based rehabilitation may improve QoL among lung cancer survivors.
Participating in LTPA was associated with improved health-related QoL. Interventions to promote LTPA and/or exercise-based rehabilitation may improve QoL among lung cancer survivors.
The worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still not under control and vaccination in Japan started in February 2021, albeit later than in Europe and the USA. The COVID-19 vaccination frequently leads to minor adverse reactions, which may be more intense after the second dose. The number of case reports of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination have been recently increased.
We report a case of a 26-year-old healthy man who presented to our hospital with chest pain on 24 May 2021, 4 days after his second COVID-19 vaccination. The electrocardiogram showed ST elevation with upward concavity in I, II, aVL, aVF, V4 to V6, and small Q wave in II, III, aVF. Laboratory studies revealed elevation of troponin I, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, and negative viral serologies. Acute aortic dissection and pulmonary thromboembolism were ruled out by contrast-enhanced thoracoabdominal computed tomography. An urgent coronary angiogram was performed because an acute coronary syndrome was suspected, but no significant stenosis was found. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated oedema and late gadolinium enhancement of the left ventricle in a mid-myocardial and epicardial distribution.
Although the temporal association does not prove causation, the very short span between the second vaccination and the onset of myocarditis suggests that this acute myocarditis seemed to be an adverse reaction to COVID-19 vaccine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published case of acute myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccine in Asia.
Although the temporal association does not prove causation, the very short span between the second vaccination and the onset of myocarditis suggests that this acute myocarditis seemed to be an adverse reaction to COVID-19 vaccine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published case of acute myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccine in Asia.Low-rank representation based methods have been used on a variety of medical imaging databases for the segmentation and classification of biomedical images. The subspace segmentation of the data is performed by generating the block diagonal coefficient matrix. Whereas, the data is classified by performing the partitioning of the low-rank representation matrix. There exist several such methods for analysing medical images. The major difference between them lies in the construction of the data dictionary. Most of the time, the input data pattern is used as the dictionary for learning the representation matrix. The direct use of the input data for learning the representation degrades the performance of the model because medical images are subjected to outliers of multiple types, which include environmental lighting, image appearance and varying illumination. These types of errors induce noise in the data. It has been observed that the representation-based model is robust when the training data is clean. If the training data contains corrupted subsamples, the performance of the model drops down. CDK4/6-IN-6 We have addressed the mentioned problem by adopting a class-wise dictionary learning approach. In which the pattern of each class is learnt as the set of tuples in the dictionary. The model has been evaluated on several medical imaging datasets, which includes the Break-his dataset, ALL-IDB, biomedical images, covid CT and chest X-ray. The classification performance of the model is best for the biomedical database (99.16%) followed by the Covid dataset (94%), ALL-IDB database (93.47%) and Break-his dataset (93%).To date the coronavirus family is composed of seven different viruses which were commonly known as cold viruses until the appearance of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002, the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS) in 2012 and the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which caused the COVID-19 global pandemic in 2019. Using bioinformatic approaches we tested the potential interactions of human miRNAs, expressed in pulmonary epithelial cells, with the available coronavirus genomes. Putative miRNA binding sites were then compared between pathogenic and non pathogenic virus groups. The pathogenic group shares 6 miRNA binding sites that can be potentially involved in the sequestration of miRNAs already known to be associated with deep vein thrombosis. We then analysed ∼100k SARS-CoV-2 variant genomes for their potential interaction with human miRNAs and this study highlighted a group of 97 miRNA binding sites which is present in all the analysed genomes. Among these, we identified 6 miRNA binding sites specific for SARS-CoV-2 and the other two pathogenic viruses whose down-regulation has been seen associated with deep vein thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, one of these miRNAs, namely miR-20a-5p, whose expression decreases with advancing age, is involved in cytokine signaling, cell differentiation and/or proliferation. We hypothesize that depletion of poorly expressed miRNA could be related with disease severity.
This multi-centric study analyzed data of COVID-19 patients and compared differences in symptomatology, management, and outcomes between vaccinated and vaccine-naive patients.
All COVID-19 positive individuals treated as an in-or out-patient from the 1
March to 15
May 2021 in four selected study sites were considered for the study. Treatment details, symptoms, and clinical course were obtained from hospital records. Chi-square was used to test the association of socio-demographic and treatment variables with the vaccination status and binary logistic regression were used to obtain the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.
The analysis was of 1446 patients after exclusion of 156 with missing data of which males were 57.3% and females 42.7%. 346 were vaccinated; 189 received one dose and 157 both doses. Hospitalization was more in vaccinated (38.2% vs 27.4%); ICU admissions were less in vaccinated (3.5% vs 7.1%). More vaccinated were symptomatic (OR=1.5); half less likely to be on non-invasive ventilation (OR=0.5) while vaccine naive patients had 4.21 times the risk of death.
Severe infection, duration of hospital stays, need for ventilation and death were significantly less among vaccinated when compared with vaccine naive patients.
Severe infection, duration of hospital stays, need for ventilation and death were significantly less among vaccinated when compared with vaccine naive patients.