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< 0.01) was significantly increased.
Berberine has a substantial effect in improving metabolic parameters and modulating the gut microbiota composition in T2DM rats.
Berberine has a substantial effect in improving metabolic parameters and modulating the gut microbiota composition in T2DM rats.
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive type of biliary tract cancer that lacks effective therapeutic targets. Fork head box M1 (FoxM1) is an emerging molecular target associated with tumor progression in GBC, and accumulating evidence suggests that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes various tumors by inducing neoangiogenesis.
To investigate the role of FoxM1 and the angiogenesis effects of VEGF-A in primary GBC.
Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated FoxM1 and VEGF-A expression in GBC tissues, paracarcinoma tissues and cholecystitis tissues. Soft agar, cell invasion, migration and apoptosis assays were used to analyze the malignant phenotype influenced by FoxM1 in GBC. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of FoxM1 and VEGF-A expression in GBC patients. We investigated the relationship between FoxM1 and VEGF-A by regulating the level of FoxM1. Next, we performed MTT assays and Transwell invasion assays by knocking out or overexpressing VEGF-A to evalh the prognosis of GBC patients. FoxM1 regulated VEGF-A expression, which played an important role in the progression of GBC.
FoxM1 and VEGF-A overexpression were associated with the prognosis of GBC patients. FoxM1 regulated VEGF-A expression, which played an important role in the progression of GBC.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a broad-spectrum disease, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Abnormal hepatic lipid accumulation is the major manifestation of this disease, and lipotoxicity promotes NAFLD progression. In addition, intermediate metabolites such as succinate can stimulate the activation of hepatic stellate cells to produce extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in progression of NAFLD to fibrosis and even cirrhosis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to play essential roles in metabolic disorders, such as NAFLD and obesity, through their function as receptors for bile acids and free fatty acids. In addition, GPCRs link gut microbiota-mediated connections in a variety of diseases, such as intestinal diseases, hepatic steatosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The latest findings show that gut microbiota-derived acetate contributes to liver lipogenesis by converting dietary fructose into hepatic acetyl-CoA and fatty acids. GPCR agonists, including peptides and natural products like docosahexaenoic acid, have been applied to investigate their role in liver diseases. Therapies such as probiotics and GPCR agonists may be applied to modulate GPCR function to ameliorate liver metabolism syndrome. This review summarizes the current findings regarding the role of GPCRs in the development and progression of NAFLD and describes some preclinical and clinical studies of GPCR-mediated treatment. Overall, understanding GPCR-mediated signaling in liver disease may provide new therapeutic options for NAFLD.Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB) is a public health concern worldwide. Current therapies utilizing nucleos(t)ide analogs (NA) have not resulted in a complete cure for CHB. Furthermore, patients on long-term NA treatment often develop low-level viremia (LLV). Persistent LLV, in addition to causing the progression of liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma, may shed light on the current plight of NA therapy. Here, we review the literature on LLV, NA treatment, and various doses of entecavir to find a strategy for improving the efficacy of this antiviral agent. For LLV patients, three therapeutic options are available, switching to another antiviral monotherapy, interferon-α switching therapy, and continuing monotherapy. In real-world clinical practice, entecavir overdose has been used in antiviral therapy for CHB patients with NA refractory and persistent LLV, which encouraged us to conduct further in-depth literature survey on dosage and duration related entecavir studies. The studies of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics show that entecavir has the maximal selected index for safety, and has great potential in inhibiting HBV replication, in all of the NAs. In the particular section of the drug approval package published by the United States Food and Drug Administration, entecavir doses 2.5-20 mg/d do not increase adverse events, and entecavir doses higher than 1.0 mg/d might improve the antiviral efficacy. The literature survey led us to two suggestions (1) Increasing entecavir dose to 1.0 mg/d for the treatment of NA naïve patients with HBV DNA >2 × 106 IU/mL is feasible and would provide better prognosis; and (2) Further research is needed to assess the long-term toxic effects of higher entecavir doses (2.5 and 5.0 mg/d), which may prove beneficial in treating patients with prior NA treatment, partial virological response, or LLV state.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the preferences of surgeons on technique for femoral tunnel placement, graft selection and criteria for return to sport in the Netherlands.
A web-based survey among the Dutch Association of Arthroscopy was conducted.
A total of 125 members (24.0%) were included in the analysis. A total of 87.2% (n=109) used hamstring autografts for primary ACL reconstruction followed by patellar tendon autograft (n=11, 8.8%) and quadriceps tendon autograft (n=5, 4.0%). PF-543 The anteromedial technique was favored by 50.4% (n=63), whereas 11.2% (n=14) of the participants favored the transtibial technique. Return to sport after 9 months of primary ACL reconstruction was allowed by 75.2% (n=94) of the participants. Regarding criteria to evaluate readiness to return to sport, the surgeons stated postoperative period (n=107, 85.6%) and functional performance tests (n=96, 76.8%) as important.
The majority of the participants of the Dutch Association of Arthroscopy favored the hamstring autografts for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Furthermore, most participants stated postoperative time and functional performance tests as important criteria to evaluate readiness to return to sport. This is the first survey demonstrating a high preference of surgeons to use functional performance tests in the decision-making of readiness to return to sport.
The majority of the participants of the Dutch Association of Arthroscopy favored the hamstring autografts for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Furthermore, most participants stated postoperative time and functional performance tests as important criteria to evaluate readiness to return to sport. This is the first survey demonstrating a high preference of surgeons to use functional performance tests in the decision-making of readiness to return to sport.
Current guidelines recommend offering patients both options of a spinal or general anaesthetic. At local level we attempt to ensure whether similar outcome is reflected in our practice regarding difference between General anaesthesia(GA) and Spinal Anaesthesia(SA) in morbidity and mortality.
Data from spreadsheet maintained for NHFD was used to identify patients with Neck of Femur Fracture in 2018.Mortality data was retrieved from the Welsh Clinical Portal. Data was organised according to the type of anaesthetic received. Outcome measures for Morbidity (length of stay in hospital) and Mortality (at both 30 days and 120 days) following surgery, were then inputted for these patients. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. A Mann Whitney
Test was performed for length of stay and Kaplan-Meier Estimates for survival at 30 and 120 days. Log Rank (Mantel Cox) Hypothesis Test is used to compare mortality between two Anaesthetic groups.
We reviewed 203 patients elderly hip fracture with mean s between the two different groups.
Surgical treatment for avulsion injuries of the proximal hamstrings has gained increasing popularity over the past decade. Despite good outcomes, early failures have been noted and have been attributed to slipping and falling, postoperative muscle spasm, or early mobilization. In a recent review of hamstring repair rehabilitation protocols, it was shown that there is marked variability in post-operative management. Post-operative bracing with limiting knee extension and hip flexion is the standard of care in most early rehabilitation protocols. Braces with limitation of hip flexion and knee locked in 90
flexion can be awkward, cumbersome and create fall risk.Chemoprotection has more recently been proposed to be an alternative approach to prevent tendon repair failure and controlled mobilization which has been shown to be superior to complete immobilization. We present the first case series of the use of botulinum toxin for chemo-protection of the proximal hamstring ischial avulsion repair, demonstrating i allowing controlled motion during physical therapy.
Commonest cause of brachial plexus injury in adults is traction injury sustained in motorcycle accidents. This article reports the results of first 50 cases done in a tertiary referral center with a brief review of literature.
First 50 patients (46 male; 4 female, age from 12 to 45 years) with post traumatic brachial plexus palsy were included. There were 30 upper plexus and 20 pan plexus injuries, 27 had preganglionic and 23 postganglionic injury. Neurolysis was done in 19 patients and various combination of nerve transfer in 31. Mean follow-up period was 13.98 months.
- Over all shoulder abduction was good in 10 patients, fair in 32 and poor in 8. Elbow flexion was good in 19 patients, fair in 18 and poor in 13 patients.
The upper plexus and partial injuries have a good outcome in a majority of cases, while the results in global palsy are far from satisfactory.
The upper plexus and partial injuries have a good outcome in a majority of cases, while the results in global palsy are far from satisfactory.
With increasing age, the incidence of proximal femoral fractures increases steadily. Although the different treatments are investigated frequently, little is known about the seasonal variation and predisposing factors. link2 The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiology, the impact of femoroacetabular impingement, as well as the presence of osteoarthritis.
We performed a retrospective review of all patients with pertrochanteric, lateral and medial femoral neck fractures between 2012 and 2019. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients older than 18 years old who presented with isolated proximal femoral fractures without any congenital or hereditary deformity. For analysis, we assessed the demographics, season at time of accident, Kellgren-Lawrence score and corner edge (CE) angle.
In total, 187 patients were identified at a mean age of 75.1±12.9 years old. Females consisted of 54.5% of this cohort. Most commonly, patients tend to present in winter with pertrochanteric fractures whereas no seasonas.
Trauma related disabilities disproportionately affects low and middle income countries due to lack of resources, skills and optimal implants. link3 Despite adequate animal studies, biomechanical studies, cohort studies and comparison studies we are not aware of any randomized trial to compare the functional outcome of SIGN (Surgical Implant Generation Network, US) solid nailing with a hollow nailing for tibial shaft fracture.
Sixty patients (≥16 years) of closed and Gustilo grade I traumatic fractures of the leg were randomized into SIGN solid nailing or hollow nailing group. Cases with compromised soft tissue and grossly deformed medullary canal were excluded. Functional outcome and need for resurgery were the primary outcomes while the secondary outcomes were duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, overall pain (VAS), radiological union (RUST), surgery related complications (infection, malalignment, shortening, nonunion) and pain/range of motion (ROM) of knee/ankle. All SIGN surgery related data were entered and retrieved online from www.