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ely identified, the model can subsequently serve as a high-quality basis for designing specific goal-oriented experiments and improved catalysts.Assessment of mandibular mobility is an integral part of many dental examinations. Yet, information on the maximum range of mandibular motion in large groups of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is limited. 
Therefore, we analyzed the corresponding data of 500 TMD patients who had presented at the University Center for Dental Medicine Basel. All measurements had been carried out by one examiner. The average maximal values for unassisted jaw opening, protrusion, and movement to the right and left were 49.3 mm (SD 9.1), 8.8 mm (SD 2.3), 9.4 mm (SD 2.5), and 11.8 mm (SD 3.1), respectively. Since activities such as chewing, talking, oral hygiene or even yawning require neither very wide openings nor extensive lateral or protrusive excursions, we would like to propose the following general threshold values for impaired mandibular function maximum interincisal distance less then 30 mm; maximum laterotrusion as well as maximum protrusion less then 5 mm.
 These cut-off values, which are lower than those traditionally suggested in the dental literature, appear to be sufficient to carry out functionally undisturbed mandibular movements. By lowering the traditionally higher thresholds, the spectrum of anatomical and functional variability is increased. In this way, patients and non-patients may be protected against medicalization, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment.
Acne vulgaris is a common and chronic skin disease that impacts on physical and psychological perceptions. Combination therapy with topical retinoids and antimicrobial agent is considered the preferred approach for most of the subjects affected by mild-to-moderate acne. A correct therapeutic management should include a prolonged treatment to ensure therapeutic success and to prevent recurrences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new topical gel formulation that combines retinol encapsulated in glycospheres and hydroxypinacolone retinoate, associated with an anti-microbial peptide (BIOPEP-15) salicylic acid, glycolic acid, and niacinamide as monotherapy in mild acne vulgaris.
A 2-month prospective study was conducted at the Unit of Dermatology of the Federico II University. Twenty-five patients aged from 14 to 30 years with mild acne of the face (GAGS score ≤ 18) were consecutively enrolled. Each patient was asked to apply the gel formulation once daily in the eveningatment in patients with mild acne, or, as a maintenance therapy for prolonged periods after the suspension of a systemic treatment. Furthermore, the tolerability of this topical product and the absence of any side effects increased the adherence to the therapy.
This paper is the first update of the second edition of the rapid living systematic review on the latest scientific literature informing rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19 and/or describing consequences of the disease and its treatment, as they relate to limitations in functioning of rehabilitation interest. The aim of this study was to report data of a systematic search performed on papers published in July 2020.
The methodology described in the second edition of the rapid living systematic review was applied to search eligible papers included in the databases between July 1, 2020 and July 31, 2020.
Eight-hundred-ninety-two papers were identified through database searching (after removal of duplicates); of these, only 23 studies were included. According to OCEBM 2011 Levels of Evidence Table, they were level 3 in 30.5% cases and level 4 in 69.5%. No RCT was found. Nineteen papers studied COVID-19 patients, assessed in the acute (10 studies), post-acute (8 studies) and chronic phase (one study). Four studies reported data on the impact of COVID-19 on subjects with pre-existing health conditions.
The current literature production still focuses more on describing all the possible aspects and complications of the pathology than on interventions or new organization models to deal with it. Albeit evidence on handling COVID-19 from a rehabilitative point of view is improving each month, further studies are still mandatory to report the role of rehabilitation in this scenario.
The current literature production still focuses more on describing all the possible aspects and complications of the pathology than on interventions or new organization models to deal with it. Albeit evidence on handling COVID-19 from a rehabilitative point of view is improving each month, further studies are still mandatory to report the role of rehabilitation in this scenario.
Functional underpinnings of cognitive control deficits in unbiased samples (i.e., all comers) of patients with psychotic spectrum disorders (PSD) remain actively debated. While many studies suggest hypofrontality in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and greater deficits during proactive relative to reactive control, few have examined the full hemodynamic response.
Patients with PSD (n = 154) and healthy controls (n = 65) performed the AX continuous performance task (AX-CPT) during rapid (460 ms) functional neuroimaging and underwent full clinical characterization.
Behavioural results indicated generalized cognitive deficits (slower and less accurate) across proactive and reactive control conditions in patients with PSD relative to healthy controls. We observed a delayed/prolonged neural response in the left dorsolateral PFC, the sensorimotor cortex and the superior parietal lobe during proactive control for patients with PSD. GNE-049 These proactive hemodynamic abnormalities were better explained by negative hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with PSD relative to DSM-IV-TR diagnoses.
Current findings question the utility of the AX-CPT for neuroimaging-based appraisal of cognitive control across the full spectrum of patients with PSD. Previously reported lateral PFC "hypoactivity" during proactive control may be more indicative of a delayed/prolonged neural response, important for rehabilitative purposes. Negative symptoms may better explain certain behavioural and hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with PSD relative to DSM-IV-TR diagnoses.