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Animal studies have shown that high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of peripheral C-fibres induces long-term potentiation (LTP) within spinal nociceptive pathways. The aim of this replication study was to assess if a perceptual correlate of LTP can be observed in humans. In 20 healthy volunteers, we applied HFS to the left or right volar forearm. Before and after applying HFS, we delivered single electrical test stimuli through the HFS electrode while a second electrode at the contra-lateral arm served as a control condition. Moreover, to test the efficacy of the HFS protocol, we quantified changes in mechanical pinprick sensitivity before and after HFS of the skin surrounding both electrodes. The perceived intensity was collected for both electrical and mechanical stimuli. After HFS, the perceived pain intensity elicited by the mechanical pinprick stimuli applied on the skin surrounding the HFS-treated site was significantly higher compared to control site (heterotopic effect). Furthermore, we found a higher perceived pain intensity for single electrical stimuli delivered to the HFS-treated site compared to the control site (homotopic effect). Whether the homotopic effect reflects a perceptual correlate of homosynaptic LTP remains to be elucidated.Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) can regulate environmental pH because of their metabolism. Because local acidification results in pitting corrosion, the potential capacity of pH regulation by SRB would have important consequences for electrochemical aspects of the bio-corrosion process. This study focused on identifying the effect of pH on the corrosion of duplex stainless steel 2205 in a nutrient-rich artificial seawater medium containing SRB species, Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Duplex stainless steel samples were exposed to the medium for 13 days at 37°C at pH ranging from 4.0 to 7.4. selleck chemicals The open-circuit potential value, sulfide level, pH and number of bacteria in the medium were recorded daily. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization were used to study the properties of the biofilms at the end of the experiments and the corrosion behaviour of the material. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure the concentration of cations Fe, Ni, Mo, Mn, Cr in the eduplex stainless steel at different acidic environments are discussed.Effective intervention strategies for epidemics rely on the identification of their origin and on the robustness of the predictions made by network disease models. We introduce a Bayesian uncertainty quantification framework to infer model parameters for a disease spreading on a network of communities from limited, noisy observations; the state-of-the-art computational framework compensates for the model complexity by exploiting massively parallel computing architectures. Using noisy, synthetic data, we show the potential of the approach to perform robust model fitting and additionally demonstrate that we can effectively identify the disease origin via Bayesian model selection. As disease-related data are increasingly available, the proposed framework has broad practical relevance for the prediction and management of epidemics.Studying the spread of infections is an important tool in limiting or preventing future outbreaks. A first step in understanding disease dynamics is constructing networks that reproduce features of real-world interactions. In this paper, we generate networks that maintain some features of the partial interaction networks that were recorded in an existing diary-based survey at the University of Warwick. To preserve realistic structure in our artificial networks, we use a context-specific approach. In particular, we propose different algorithms for producing larger home, work and social networks. Our networks are able to maintain much of the interaction structure in the original diary-based survey and provide a means of accounting for the interactions of survey participants with non-participants. Simulating a discrete susceptible-infected-recovered model on the full network produces epidemic behaviour which shares characteristics with previous influenza seasons. Our approach allows us to explore how disease transmission and dynamic responses to infection differ depending on interaction context. We find that, while social interactions may be the first to be reduced after influenza infection, limiting work and school encounters may be significantly more effective in controlling the overall severity of the epidemic.
Acute kidney injury is a common complication of COVID-19 and is associated with significantly increased mortality. The most frequent renal biopsy finding with SARS-CoV-2 infection is acute tubular injury; however, new onset glomerular diseases have been reported. The development of persistent urinary abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 should prompt consideration for renal biopsy to rule out glomerulonephritis.
A 30-year-old man with no prior medical history presented to the emergency department with symptoms of COVID-19 and new onset painful purpuric rash, arthralgia, and abdominal pain. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed with nucleic acid testing and laboratory investigations revealed preserved renal function with dysmorphic hematuria and nephrotic range proteinuria.
A skin biopsy of the purpuric rash was performed, which demonstrated leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Renal biopsy revealed focally crescentic and segmentally necrotizing IgA nephropathy. Overall, given the clinical syndrome of glomerulonmanifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond acute tubular injury. IgA vasculitis appears to be a rare complication of COVID-19.
Quality indicators can be used to identify gaps in care and drive frontline improvement activities. These efforts are important to prevent adverse events in the increasing number of ambulatory patients with advanced kidney disease in Canada, but it is unclear what indicators exist and the components of health care quality they measure.
We sought to identify, categorize, and evaluate quality indicators currently in use across Canada for ambulatory patients with advanced kidney disease.
Environmental scan of quality indicators currently being collected by various organizations.
We assembled a 16-member group from across Canada with expertise in nephrology and quality improvement.
Our scan included indicators relevant to patients with chronic kidney disease in ambulatory care clinics.
We categorized the identified quality indicators using the Institute of Medicine and Donabedian frameworks.
A 4-member panel used a modified Delphi process to evaluate the indicators found during the environmental scan using the American College of Physicians/Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality criteria.