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Both the equine cells and the human iPSC-derived MSCs were able to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Both methods described simple and highly efficient methods to produce cells with surface markers phenotypically considered as MSCs and may, in the future, facilitate rapid production of MSCs with therapeutic potential.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that exist in three isoforms PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. Studies suggest that the PPAR signalling system may modulate pain, anxiety and cognition. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether endogenous signalling via PPARs differentially modulates innate anxiety responses and mnemonic function in the presence and absence of inflammatory pain. We examined the effects of intraperitoneal administration of GW6471 (PPARα antagonist), GSK0660 (PPARβ/δ antagonist), GW9662 (PPARγ antagonist), and N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) on rat behaviour in the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field (OF), light-dark box (LDB), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests in the presence or absence of chronic inflammatory pain. Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-injected rats exhibited impaired recognition and spatial mnemonic performance in the NOR test and pharmacological blockade of PPARα further impaired spatial memory in CFA-treated rats. N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) levels were higher in the dorsal hippocampus in CFA-injected animals compared to their counterparts. The results suggest a modulatory effect of CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain on cognitive processing, but not on innate anxiety-related responses. Increased OEA-PPARα signalling may act as a compensatory mechanism to preserve spatial memory function following CFA injection.Though complexity science and chaos theory have become a common scientific divulgation theme, medical disciplines, and pathology in particular, still rely on a deterministic, reductionistic approach and still hesitate to fully appreciate the intrinsic complexity of living beings. Herein, complexity, chaos and thermodynamics are introduced with specific regard to biomedical sciences, then their interconnections and implications in environmental pathology are discussed, with particular regard to a morphopathological, image analysis-based approach to biological interfaces. Biomedical disciplines traditionally approach living organisms by dissecting them ideally down to the molecular level in order to gain information about possible molecule to molecule interactions, to derive their macroscopic behaviour. Given the complex and chaotic behaviour of living systems, this approach is extremely limited in terms of obtainable information and may lead to misinterpretation. Environmental pathology, as a multidisciplinary discipline, should grant privilege to an integrated, possibly systemic approach, prone to manage the complex and chaotic aspects characterizing living organisms. Ultimately, environmental pathology should be interested in improving the well-being of individuals and the population, and ideally the health of the entire ecosystem/biosphere and should not focus merely on single diseases, diseased organs/tissues, cells and/or molecules.Vaccines against COVID-19 (and its emerging variants) are an essential global intervention to control the current pandemic situation. Anaphylactic reactions have been reported after SARS-CoV2 RNA vaccines. Anaphylaxis is defined as a severe life-threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. This risk is estimated at 1/1,000,000 in the context of vaccine safety surveillance programs. The COVID-19 vaccination is rolling-out vastly in different courtiers and surveillance programs are key to monitor severe adverse reactions, such as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis due to vaccine is extremely rare and specific cases should receive individualized investigation and care. The here presented recommendations and follow-up from the French allergy community and the Montpellier WHO Collaborating Center in order to support the vaccination program and intends to support to healthcare professionals in their daily basis.Industrial waste discharged by heavy pollution industry is one of the main causes of global environmental degradation. Selleckchem SSR128129E Research on the environmental efficiency of high-polluting industry is necessary to tackle the problem of global environmental pollution. Using panel data of 19 sub-industries in China's heavy pollution industry from 2001 to 2015, this article employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index (MI) to measure the environmental efficiency of heavy pollution industry from both the dynamic and static perspectives. The results show that the environmental efficiency of China's heavy pollution industry maintains an upward trend but did not reach the optimal level. The general trend shows a phased trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Besides, there are inter-industry differences in the environmental efficiency across the examined sub-industries. Based on the research findings, this article proposes a set of corresponding countermeasures to solve the global pollution problem, such as reducing energy inputs and minimizing the volumes of the main categories of emissions in high-polluting industry, as well as improving the production management in the group of high environmental efficiency and strengthening technical capabilities in the group of low environmental efficiency.The underground forests developed on inverted stone slopes in degraded karst tiankengs are important areas for biodiversity conservation, but the microbial community profiles have not been sufficiently characterized. Thus, we investigated the soil microbial communities at four sites (at the bottom of the slope (BS), in the middle of the slope (MS), in the upper part of the slope (US) and outside the tiankeng (OT)) in the Shenxiantang tiankeng. The dominant phyla in the inverted stone slope were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, and the relative abundance were different in different slope positions. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the microbial community was significantly greater for the US site than for the MS or BS sites. The metabolism functional pathways (including C/N cycle) were more abundant at the BS site. Total nitrogen and pH were the dominant factors in determining the distribution of the microbial community along an inverted stone slope. These results suggest that topographic heterogeneity can influence the variations in the soil microbial structure, diversity, and function in degraded karst tiankengs and emphasized the ecological value of inverted stone slopes within karst tiankengs.