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The impact of flooding on the release and retention of PTEs in floodplain soils is the net effect of several key processes occurring concurrently. It is important to understand the dominant processes that drive mobility of individual PTEs on specific floodplains so that site-specific predictions can determine the impact of future floods on the environmental fate of legacy contaminants.Estimation of 3H discharge from river catchments is important to evaluate the effect of Fukushima Dai-ichi discharge and future planned 3H release to the ocean on the coastal environment. Using a previously developed model based on the tank model and observed 3H concentration in river water, the 3H discharge from the Abukuma River and 13 other rivers in the Fukushima coastal region were estimated from June 2013 to March 2020. The 3H discharge from catchments of the Abukuma River and 13 other rivers in the Fukushima coastal region during 2014-2019 were estimated to be 1.2-4.0 TBq/y. These values were approximately 2-22 times larger than the annual 3H discharge from the Fukushima Dai-ichi after 2016, indicating the significance of 3H discharge from the catchments through the rivers. This estimation is expected to be useful to evaluate and predict 3H concentrations and inventories in the Fukushima coastal region for consideration of planned 3H release to the ocean.After the Fundão iron ore mining dam rupture in November 2015, yellow/ocher emulsions never before reported on the continental shelf adjacent to the Doce River began to be seen, both in coalesced and foam forms. XRD analyses pointed to a prevailing composition of iron and kaolinite with a substantial contribution of an organic-metallic compound, measured in multiple periods over 2 years of sampling. Optical microscopy images allowed the identification of micelles composed of nanoparticles of iron oxyhydroxide making up this emulsion. The generation of dendritic snowflake-shaped microcrystals on fiber filters after water sample filtration and heating confirmed the presence of micelles composed of iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles enveloped by organic polymers. After losing water, the micelles may act as a self-assembly template seed, where the polymer acts in the oriented adsorption of nanoparticles according to their crystallographic structure. The study brought to light the distinct behavior of a portion of the tailings material, which has already been reported to not have the same flocculation process as the clay minerals previously found in the suspended particulate material (SPM) before the dam rupture.Climate change causes ocean warming and acidification, which threaten coral reef ecosystems. check details Ocean warming and acidification cause bleaching and mortality, and decrease calcification in adult corals, leading to changes in the composition of coral communities; however, their interactive effects on coral larvae are not comprehensively understood. To examine the underlying molecular mechanisms of larval responses to elevated temperature and pCO2, we examined the physiological performance and protein expression profiles of Pocillopora damicornis at two temperatures (29 and 33 °C) and pCO2 levels (500 and 1000 μatm) for 5 d. Extensive physiological and proteomic changes were observed in coral larvae. The results indicated a significant decrease in net photosynthesis (PNET) and autotrophic capability (PNET/RD) of larvae exposed to elevated temperature but a marked increase in PNET and PNET/RD of larvae exposed to high pCO2 levels. Elevated temperature significantly reduced endosymbiont densities (to approximately 7portant role of symbionts in the response to warming and acidification.Mercury (Hg) is a widespread and toxic contaminant with potential for long-range atmospheric transport. Previous work has shown that temperate and subtropical montane ecosystems have great potential for deposition of this element. However, little information exists regarding Hg dynamics in tropical mountains. In present study, we evaluated the influence of altitudinal distribution, size, trophic position, and degree of water dependence on Hg concentration in amphibians. For this purpose, we determined the mercury concentration in topsoil and amphibian samples collected at 32 points distributed between 327 and 2181 m above sea level in Serra dos Órgãos, a mountainous complex located in southeastern Brazil. We analyzed the concentration of mercury in whole body samples of 200 individuals of 30 amphibian species. Trophic position of the specimens was estimated by nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) composition in muscle tissues. We observed a positive relationship between elevation and Hg concentration in topsoil samples from rainforest sites. However, in samples from nebular forest and campos de altitude (highland grasslands) sites, the concentration of Hg was considered lower than expected by the trend in rainforest points, indicating that the vegetation structure plays an important role in the deposition of atmospheric mercury. Mercury concentration in amphibians varies according to the functional characteristics of the species and the environment in which the individual is inserted. Elevation, trophic level and water dependence explained at least some degree of variation in Hg concentration in amphibian tissues. Thus, this community-level analysis suggests that mountainous areas in the tropical region, as recorded for temperate and subtropical mountains, act as regional convergence and deposition sites for atmospheric mercury.
To identify how individuals respond to unilateral upper extremity peripheral nerve injury via compensation (increased use of the non-dominant hand). We hypothesized that injury to the dominant hand would have a greater impact on hand usage (left vs. right choices). We also hypothesized that compensation would not depend on current (post-injury) non-dominant hand performance, because many patients undergo rehabilitation that is not designed to alter hand usage.
Observational survey, single-arm.
Academic research institution and referral center.
48 adults with unilateral upper extremity peripheral nerve injury. Another 14 declined participation. Referred sample, including all eligible patients from 16 months at one nerve injury clinic and one hand therapy clinic.
Not applicable.
Hand usage (% of actions with each hand) via Block Building Task. Dexterity via Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function.
Participants preferred their dominant hand regardless of whether it was injured hand usage (dominant/non-dominantterous. For the subset of patients unlikely to recover function with the injured hand, they could benefit from rehabilitation that encourages compensation with the non-dominant hand.
To (1) determine if items on the Cognitive and Linguistic Scale (CALS) follow a Rasch distribution and (2) explore the relationship between Rasch-derived Cognitive Ability Estimates (CAE) and outcome trajectory parameters using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling approach.
Retrospective study.
Pediatric inpatient rehabilitation hospital.
252 children between the ages of 2 and 21 years (median 11.8; interquartile range [IQR] 6.4-15.9) consecutively admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation brain injury unit (2008-2014) for a first inpatient admission following acquired brain injury.
Not applicable.
Rasch-derived CAE from the CALS and associated outcome trajectory parameters.
The CALS demonstrates adequate interval-scale properties with removal of scores from the arousal and responsivity items. Rasch-derived CAE were associated with age (β =.025, p =.000) such that older age was associated with a faster rate of recovery and more complete ultimate recovery. Slower recovery initiation was associated with a less complete overall cognitive recovery (Spearman ρ= -0.31; p =.000).
The CAE derived from the CALS and associated outcome parameters (e.g., rate of recovery) may serve as an ideal outcome measure for clinical trials evaluating interventions for acquired brain injury in a pediatric rehabilitation setting.
The CAE derived from the CALS and associated outcome parameters (e.g., rate of recovery) may serve as an ideal outcome measure for clinical trials evaluating interventions for acquired brain injury in a pediatric rehabilitation setting.
To determine differences in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension in Black patients compared to White patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Cross-sectional database review.
Large academic medical center research records database.
3,191 patient cases (77% female, 34% Black) identified by MS diagnosis within the medical record.
Not applicable Main Outcome Measures Diagnosis codes for type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Body mass index (BMI), race, age, and sex were collected. ANOVA (continuous variables) and X2 analyses (categorical variables) were conducted to determine differences in obesity, diabetes, and hypertension between race and sex. Logistic regression was conducted to determine odds ratios of developing diabetes and hypertension based on race, sex, BMI, and age.
Black patients were more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes [OR 2.15 (95% CI 1.70, 2.72), p<0.0001] or hypertension OR [2.44 (95% CI 2.05, 2.91), p<0.0001] compared to Whites. Sex did not present a greate MS, and may have some impact on the differences in MS disease course reported in Black patients.This paper identifies and provides the first detailed assessment of hormetic dose responses by bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) from a broad range of animal models and humans with particular emphasis on cell renewal (proliferation), cell differentiation and enhancing resilience to inflammatory stress. Such hormetic dose responses are commonly reported, being induced by a broad range of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals (e.g., caffeine, dexamethasone, nicotine), dietary supplements (e.g., curcumin, Ginkgo biloba, green tea extracts. resveratrol, sulforaphane), endogenous agents (e.g., hydrogen sulfide, interleukin 10), environmental contaminants (e.g., arsenic, PFOS) and physical stressor agents (e.g., EMF, shockwaves). Hormetic dose responses reported here for BMSCs are similar to those induced with other stem cell types [e.g., adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), neuro stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs)], indicating a substantial degree of generality for hormetic responses in stem cells. The paper assesses both the underlying mechanistic foundations of BMSC hormetic responses and their potential therapeutic implications.We designed amine-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose grafted folic acid/magnetic nanoparticles (AF-NCC/Fe3O4 NPs) against folate receptors for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). Toxicity is a major side effect of DOX, damaging vital organs such as the heart, kidney, and liver; for example, it causes dilated cardiomyopathy and hepatotoxicity. Accordingly, we aimed to reduce this adverse effect and increase the targeted delivery of DOX to the right point of cancer cells by using the unique features of cancer cells. The characterizations were approved in each step using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis techniques. Encapsulation efficacy of AF-NCC/Fe3O4 NPs was 99.6%; drug release investigations showed excellent stability in physiological conditions (pH ∼ 7.4) and a high release rate in the low pH condition of cancer environments (pH ∼ 5.