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The amount of intact spermatozoa in the groups containing 5% ethylene glycol and 1.5% ethylene glycol +100 mM trehalose was found to be higher than other groups (p  less then  0.05). As a result, it was suggested that the groups of 5% ethylene glycol and 1.5% ethylene glycol +100 mM trehalose provided the highest protection for the ultrastructural morphology of frozen-thawed Konya Merino ram spermatozoa among the groups.
We aimed to analyze the association between the onsets of PE and of progressive disease (PD) in CT scans of oncological patients undergoing clinical trials.
We retrospectively searched our oncological clinical trials database (1/2012 - 6/2017). We retrieved patients who underwent protocol baseline and follow-up CT scans. RECIST 1.1 categories of response were calculated for each scan at interpretation. The entire dataset was searched for reports with incidental PE.For patients with incidental PE, we collected all the scans conducted up to and including the scan with PE. For each scan, we retrieved the recorded RECIST 1.1 category. We excluded patients with PE at baseline.The frequency of incidental PE in oncological clinical trial patients was calculated. For patients with incidental PE, we evaluated the association between PE and PD.
During the study period, 1,070 patients underwent 3,818 CTs. The total number of follow-up months was 7,292 months. 18 patients developed incidental PE during follow-up. Thus, the frequency of incidental PE in oncological clinical trial patients was 3% per year of follow-up. Patients with incidental PE underwent 60 scans up to development of PE. Of 42 non-baseline scans, 6/6 (100%) PD showed PE, and 5/36 (13.9%) non-PD showed PE, making PE onset associated with PD onset (
< 0.001).
In oncological clinical trials, the frequency of incidental PE is 3% per year of follow-up. The onset of incidental PE is linked to the onset of PD.
Incidental PE is associated with the onset of disease progression. Radiologists interpret oncological scans should be aware of the association between PE and PD.
Incidental PE is associated with the onset of disease progression. Radiologists interpret oncological scans should be aware of the association between PE and PD.
In 2014, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) became available for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with successful results. Since their implementation, the rate of HCV waitlist (WL) for liver transplantation (LT) has decreased, but significant ethnic disparities exist. We hypothesized that the rate of decline for HCV WL for LT is different across the various racial groups.
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data reports of adult LT candidates from 2014 to 2018.
Overall, there was a decline in HCV WL rates for all ethnic groups (Caucasians, African Americans [AA], and Hispanics). However, the WL rates were significantly higher in AA compared with Caucasians each year, and this trend was continuous across the 5-year period. There were no differences in WL rates between Caucasians and Hispanics.
The results show that health care disparities related to HCV disproportionately affect AA. The factors associated with this disparity need to be explored further to develop mechanisms to address these differences. By understanding the HCV treatment disparities across racial groups, modifications to HCV treatment nationwide can be adopted. Additional emphasis should be placed on AA to help reduce their WL rate, as well as redistributing resources to promote health care equity.
The results show that health care disparities related to HCV disproportionately affect AA. The factors associated with this disparity need to be explored further to develop mechanisms to address these differences. By understanding the HCV treatment disparities across racial groups, modifications to HCV treatment nationwide can be adopted. Additional emphasis should be placed on AA to help reduce their WL rate, as well as redistributing resources to promote health care equity.To create and validate patient-completed Caprini risk score (CRS) tools for Chinese people. We revised Chinese patient-completed CRS form according to previously published studies. We prospectively recruited 70 internal medical patients and 70 surgical patients. mTOR inhibitor therapy The average age of these patients was 54.26 ± 15.29 years, 54.29% of them were male and 80% of them had education beyond high school. The study compared (1) patient-completed CRS and physician-completed CRS; (2) the final value of physician-completed CRS (physician-completed CRS + body mass index) and CRS in the electronic medical record (EMR) system. Patient-completed CRS was 3.71 ± 3.63, patients spent 3.60 ± 1.24 minutes, 57.14% patients were at high-highest risk; physician-completed CRS was 3.84 ± 3.63, physicians spent 2.11 ± 1.13 minutes, 59.28% patients were at high-highest risk; the final value of physician-completed CRS was 4.12 ± 3.62, 63.58% patients were at high-highest risk; CRS value in the EMR system was 4.07 ± 3.58, 65% patients were at high-highest risk. There were strong positive correlations (P less then .0001) between patient-completed CRS and physician-completed CRS (r = 0.978, κ = 0.76) and between the final value of physician-completed CRS and CRS in EMR (r = 0.994, κ = 0.97). This study successfully developed and validated a Chinese patient-completed CRS that we found can replace physician-completed CRS. This results in considerable time saving for physicians and this process should increase the percentage of patients having complete risk assessment when they are admitted to the hospital.
Since 1999, >200 000 people in the United States have died from a prescription opioid overdose. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is one important risk factor. This study investigates socioeconomic disparities in postoperative opioid prescription and consumption.
September 2018-April 2019, 128 patients were surveyed postoperatively regarding opioid consumption. The neighborhood disadvantage was calculated using area deprivation index (ADI). The top 3 quartiles were "high SES" and the bottom quartile "low SES."
The study population included 96 high SES patients, median ADI 6 (2-12.3) and 32 low SES, median ADI 94.5 (81.3-97.3). For both, median Oxycodone 5 mg prescribed was 20 pills. 29.2% of high SES consumed 0 pills, 40.6% consumed 1-9 pills, and 27.1% consumed 10+ pills. 25.0% of low SES consumed 0 pills, 46.9% consumed 1-9 pills, and 18.8% consumed 10+ pills. No significant difference in opioid prescription (
= .792) or consumption (
= .508) between SES groups.
Patients of all SES are prescribed and consumed opioids in similar patterns with no significant difference in postoperative pain following ambulatory surgery.