Specialized medical presentations involving sociable connection condition In a situation sequence

less access to appropriate care during pregnancy for immigrant/ethnic minority women can lead to worse health outcomes and higher costs for health services.
to conduct a systematic review of studies on the economic evaluation of maternal and child healthcare among immigrants and racial/ethnic minority groups in advanced economy countries.
the main biomedical/economic bibliographic databases and institutional sources were searched. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
encouraging breastfeeding and reducing inappropriate hospital use/length of hospital stay proved potentially able to reduce costs. Most studies showed a cost reduction if immigrant and ethnic minority women were included both in national and targeted programmes, such as nutritional programmes or case management. Screening campaigns targeting immigrants and ethnic minority groups were more cost-effective than broader, universal or non-screening strategies. Screenings were cost-effective when extended to newborns/relatives of pregnant women (Chagas disease) and were cost-effective for unvaccinated women in low-vaccination rates regions (rubella), immigrant women reporting no/uncertain vaccination history (varicella), and first-generation immigrants (HCV).
promoting inclusion in pregnancy healthcare programmes or in targeted screening campaigns could be effective in cost saving for health services.
promoting inclusion in pregnancy healthcare programmes or in targeted screening campaigns could be effective in cost saving for health services.
socioeconomic inequalities in reproductive outcomes have been consistently reported in several countries. In a European collaborative study conducted in 2012 whose aim was to investigate the association between socioeconomic position (SEP), measured through maternal education, and preterm delivery inconsistent results were found for the NINFEA birth cohort. However, NINFEA contributed to that study with the first 2,500 pregnancies only, and estimates were not adjusted for any potential confounders assuming that SEP is a distal exposure, that could not be affected by other preterm risk factors.
to investigate the relationship between SEP and the reproductive outcomes using the entire NINFEA cohort and compare the results with the population-based Piedmont Birth Registry (PBR), accounting for potential baseline collider bias both in the cohort and in the registry.
observational study.
5,323 NINFEA singletons, whose mothers registered into the study before the 36th week of gestation, were analysed. Analybability of being a member of such source population have to be accounted for to allow causal inference.
low SEP is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes in a contemporary Italian population.
low SEP is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes in a contemporary Italian population.
to evaluate the impact on prenatal/perinatal care and pregnancy outcomes of the main social determinants (education, professional status and citizenship), with the aim of identifying the areas of care and the subgroups of women who are most at risk as priority targets of interventions for the reduction of inequalities; to evaluate the impact of the pregnancy Agenda on the appropriateness of care.
cross-sectional observational study.
the childbirth assistance certificates (CedAP) related to childbirths occurred in the Piedmont region in the years 2010-2018 were analysed.
for each indicator of prenatal and perinatal care, multiple Poisson regression models were performed to estimate the prevalence ratios for the social determinants, adjusted for maternal age, parity, year of birth, and area of residence/maternity ward.
the observed deliveries were 274,086 and the newborns were 278,473, with a 25% reduction over time. Among pregnant women, there has been an increase in schooling, a reduction in employed women, and a stabilization of the percentage of immigrant women from countries with strong migratory pressure. Foreigners and inactive women show greater risks of poor prenatal care and less adherence to screening; education has greater impact on pregnancy outcomes. Cyclopamine The trend towards greater adherence to the guidelines appears to be related to the introduction of the pregnancy Agenda, in turn associated with a greater use of public health services.
social inequalities persist in prenatal/perinatal care and pregnancy outcomes. The results of this study support the hypothesis that offering quality and low-threshold services, such as family health centres, could be a first effective measure to tackle inequalities.
social inequalities persist in prenatal/perinatal care and pregnancy outcomes. The results of this study support the hypothesis that offering quality and low-threshold services, such as family health centres, could be a first effective measure to tackle inequalities.
to compare cervical cancer screening diagnostic indicators in women accessing screening through volunteer non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and in those who access via the National Health Service (NHS) programme.
cohort study on archive data.
the study cohort consists of 93,086 women aged 30-64 years who underwent an HPV test via NHS screening programme or through premises implemented within volunteers NGOs in Turin between 2015 and 2019. The screening history and Census data recorded into the Piedmont screening archive were used.
positive baseline HPV test, positive triage cytology (low-grade lesions, ASC-US, L-SIL and high-grade lesions, H-SIL, ASC-H, AGC, Cancer), attendance at one-year HPV test repeat, referral and attendance to colposcopy at first and test repeat, and detection rate at first and test repeat, for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade >=2 (CIN2+) and >=3 (CIN3+), overall detection rates.
women performing cervical screening through volunteer NGOs (WASVO) are disadvant strategies to raise awareness on cancer prevention among subgroups that are not captured in the main screening programs.
to characterize healthcare for refugees and asylum seekers.
a quali-quantitative study with semi-structured interviews was carried out with key informants of the regional clinics which provide health assistance to refugees and asylum seekers during the first phases of arrival.
key informants of 14 health centres were interviewed across the 9 provinces of the region.
the study investigated the different healthcare interventions and the quality of the relationships among the main actors involved in providing healthcare to refugees and asylum seekers.
three healthcare models were identified one involved Local Health Units (LHUs), one based on the recruitment of NGOs, and the last one formed by the combination of LHAs and General Practitioners. Challenges in guaranteeing a good level of health assistance were reported at all levels, such as specific barriers in accessing health and social services, fragmentation and lack of coordination amongst services and the poor quality of care for vulnerable groups.