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To compare the accuracy of six intraoral scanners in two different partially edentulous maxillary models and to evaluate the effect of scanning sequence on accuracy.
Maxillary Kennedy Class I and Class IV situations were used as reference models. The reference datasets were obtained by scanning the models using a highly accurate industrial scanner (ATOS Core 80, GOM). The following six intraoral scanners were evaluated Trios 3 (3Shape), iTero Element 2 (Align Technology), Emerald (Planmeca), CEREC Omnicam (Dentsply Sirona), CEREC Primescan (Dentsply Sirona), and Virtuo Vivo (Dental Wings). A total of 120 scans from both models were obtained using the six intraoral scanners and divided into two groups based on scanning sequence. Accuracy was evaluated by deviation analysis using 3D image processing software (Geomagic Studio 12, 3D Systems). Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed (P ≤ .05) for statistical analysis.
There were significant differences in the accuracy of digital impressions among intraoral scanners and scanning sequences. The trueness of the Trios scanner and the precision of the Trios, Primescan, and iTero scanners were significantly higher than for the other scanners. The Emerald had the lowest accuracy among the six intraoral scanners tested. Accuracy was affected by scanning sequence when using the Virtuo Vivo, Emerald, Primescan, and iTero.
In Kennedy Class I and Class IV partially edentulous cases, it is useful to consider that the intraoral scanner used may affect the accuracy of the digital impression.
In Kennedy Class I and Class IV partially edentulous cases, it is useful to consider that the intraoral scanner used may affect the accuracy of the digital impression.Emerging evidence implies significant interrelations between the condition of the peri-implant tissues and the implant-abutment-prosthesis complex. A new paradigm for studying the peri-implant tissues in close interrelation with the implant-abutment-prosthesis complex in the presence of the oral biofilm is essential. The aims of this paper are to introduce the concept of the "implant supracrestal complex" (ISC) and to describe the critical elements that define it as a unique anatomical and functional system of human tissues, mechanical components, and oral bacteria/biofilm. This paper reviews recent evidence to identify the impact of design features on short-term clinical outcomes and long-term health of the peri-implant bone and soft tissues. Prosthetic-driven implant placement is a prerequisite for proper ISC design, which in turn can indirectly influence the structure and dimensions of the peri-implant soft tissues. Design features of the implant-prosthesis-abutment complex, such as the emergence profile, emergence angle, and cervical margin, as well as the design of the implant-abutment and abutment-prosthesis junctions and their locations in relation to the tissues of the ISC, can have a significant impact on the maintenance of stable and healthy peri-implant tissues in the long term.
To measure the effect of simulated aging on stained resin-ceramic CAD/CAM materials regarding the durability of color and gloss.
Test specimens (n = 15 per material) were prepared out of CAD/CAM ingots from two resin nanoceramics (Lava Ultimate [LVU], Cerasmart [CER]) and a polymer-infiltrated ceramic (ENA, VITA Enamic) stained with the manufacturer's recommended staining kit using photopolymerization. Control specimens were made of feldspathic ceramic (VITA Mark II [VM2]) and stained by means of ceramic firing. Negative control specimens (n = 15) (no staining) were prepared for each group. Color and gloss measurements were performed before and after each aging cycle by means of mechanical abrasion with a toothbrush. Groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test and paired post hoc Conover test. Changes within a group were calculated using Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α = .05).
The color difference (ΔE) was statistically significant for all stained CAD/CAM materials after simulated aging CER (P < .001, 95% CI 2.96 to 3.69), LVU (P = .004, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.46), ENA (P = .004, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.42), and VM2 (P < .001, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.08). Aging resulted in a statistically significant increase in gloss in the LVU group (P < 0.001, 95% CI 13.78 to 17.29), whereas in the ENA (P < .001, 95% CI 7.83 to 12.72), CER (P < .001, 95% CI 2.69 to 8.44), and VM2 (P = .014, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.87) groups, a significant decrease in gloss was noted.
Color and gloss of stained resin-ceramic CAD/CAM materials changed significantly after aging by means of toothbrush abrasion in vitro.
Color and gloss of stained resin-ceramic CAD/CAM materials changed significantly after aging by means of toothbrush abrasion in vitro.
To evaluate the effect of a surface sealant agent on the color stability and surface roughness (Ra) of two denture base materials polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and nylon.
A total of 96 disk-shaped specimens (10 × 2 mm) were fabricated from heat-cured PMMA and nylon denture base materials (n = 48/material). Each of the color stability and Ra tests were performed on half of the samples in each material group (n = 24), and these subgroups were then subdivided according to the surface treatment applied 12 specimens were conventionally polished, serving as the control group, and 12 specimens received a sealant on the surface in addition to the surface polishing. Color stability was assessed through measuring the CIEL*a*b* color parameters before and after immersion in coffee solution. Ra was measured and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs were taken before and after thermocycling. Statistical analysis was done using 2-way analysis of variance (α = .05).
The surface sealant agent significantly increased the color stability of both materials (P = .047). However, it had no significant effect on the Ra of materials before (P = .600) or after (P = .583) thermocycling. Nylon had a significantly rougher surface than PMMA both before and after thermocycling (P < .001). Similarly, SEM observations show a more irregular texture for nylon than for PMMA.
Although the sealant agent had no significant effect on the Ra before or after thermocycling, it significantly decreased the color change of nylon and PMMA disks. Based on both statistical analyses and SEM observations, the Ra of PMMA was lower than nylon denture base material.
Although the sealant agent had no significant effect on the Ra before or after thermocycling, it significantly decreased the color change of nylon and PMMA disks. Based on both statistical analyses and SEM observations, the Ra of PMMA was lower than nylon denture base material.
To compare the marginal and internal gap values of different types of ceramic crowns fabricated based on digital and conventional impression methods.
Ten noncarious extracted human teeth were prepared, and 60 restorations were made using six different impression and fabrication methods. Silicone replicas were obtained for marginal and internal gap evaluation. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests (P < .05).
Statistically significant differences were found among various impression and fabrication methods. Clozapine N-oxide clinical trial The smallest gap value was shown by the monolithic zirconia indirect digital scanning group (31.13 μm), and the largest for the lithium disilicate indirect digital scanning group (90.09 μm).
The marginal and internal gap values of the restorations in the present study were 31.13 to 90.09 μm. The marginal and internal discrepancies of the tested materials were considered clinically acceptable.
The marginal and internal gap values of the restorations in the present study were 31.13 to 90.09 μm. The marginal and internal discrepancies of the tested materials were considered clinically acceptable.
To evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomers following the incorporation of a specific particle size and concentration of nano-titanium dioxide (TiO
) and nano-zinc oxide (ZnO).
Nano-TiO
and nano-ZnO of 20-nm and 40-nm particle sizes and in 1% and 2% concentrations were chosen. Silicone elastomer samples were prepared according to the manufacturer's recommendations. link2 The nano-oxides were incorporated via hand spatulation. The samples were subsequently tested for hardness and color stability and were then subjected to aging in an aging chamber for 1,008 hours, following which they were again evaluated for hardness, color stability, and surface roughness.
A significant change was noted in the physical and mechanical properties post-aging in all the groups. The samples with nano-TiO
of 40-nm particle size/2% concentration had the highest hardness, while color stability and surface roughness were higher in samples with nano-TiO
of 20-nm particle size/1% and 2% concentrations, respectively.
It can be concluded that 20-nm nano-TiO
particles best maintain the ideal properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomers and can potentially be used as alternative opacifiers when mixed with A-2186 maxillofacial silicone elastomers.
It can be concluded that 20-nm nano-TiO2 particles best maintain the ideal properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomers and can potentially be used as alternative opacifiers when mixed with A-2186 maxillofacial silicone elastomers.
To investigate the impact of high-speed sintering and artificial aging on the fracture load of three-unit zirconia fixed dental prostheses (FDPs).
Three-unit FDPs manufactured from 3Y-TZP (Ceramill Zolid, Amann Girrbach) and 4Y-TZP (Ceramill Zolid HT+, Amann Girrbach; N = 128, n = 64/group) were sintered at 1,580°C (high-speed sintering) or at 1,450°C (control group; n = 32/subgroup). link3 Specimens were bonded to steel abutment models using Multilink Automix (Ivoclar Vivadent), and fracture load was examined without (n = 16/subgroup) and with artificial aging (6,000 thermocycles [5°C/55°C] and 1,200,000 chewing cycles [50 N]; n = 16/subgroup). Univariate analysis of variance, unpaired t test, and Weibull modulus were computed (P < .05).
Sintering protocol (P = .944), artificial aging (P = .630), and zirconia material (P = .445) did not show an influence on the fracture load of three-unit FDPs. High-speed sintering led to superior Weibull modulus results for artificially aged 4Y-TZP specimens, while all other groups showed values in the same range.
The present study shows promising results for the novel high-speed sintering protocol, as it led to comparable fracture load and similar, or even superior, Weibull modulus results compared to the control group. The 4Y-TZP material presented fracture load results similar to the tried-and-tested 3Y-TZP. Artificial aging did not influence zirconia's resistance to fracture for either 3Y-TZP or 4Y-TZP.
The present study shows promising results for the novel high-speed sintering protocol, as it led to comparable fracture load and similar, or even superior, Weibull modulus results compared to the control group. The 4Y-TZP material presented fracture load results similar to the tried-and-tested 3Y-TZP. Artificial aging did not influence zirconia's resistance to fracture for either 3Y-TZP or 4Y-TZP.