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al-emotional skills in children. High level of media use in mothers is not directly related to children's development outcomes but is directly related to high media usage of children. selleck products Public health strategies should seek to raise media awareness and management in both parents and children.
To assess the potential impact of azithromycin treatment in the first week following birth on 2-year outcomes in preterm infants with and without Ureaplasma respiratory colonization who participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial.
Respiratory morbidity was assessed at NICU discharge and at 6, 12, and 22-26 months corrected age using pulmonary questionnaires. Comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessments were completed between 22 and 26 months corrected age. The primary and secondary composite outcomes were death or severe respiratory morbidity and death or moderate-severe neurodevelopmental impairment, respectively, at 22-26 months corrected age.
One hundred and twenty-one randomized participants (azithromycin, N = 60; placebo, N = 61) were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. There were no significant differences in death or serious respiratory morbidity (34.8 vs 30.4%, p = 0.67) or death or moderate-severe neurodevelopmental impairment (47 vs 33%, p = 0.11) betwehat a Phase III trial of azithromycin to prevent BPD targeting this population is warranted.
No strong evidence of a difference in long-term pulmonary and neurodevelopment outcomes was identified at 22-26 months corrected age in infants treated with azithromycin in the first week of life compared to placebo. The RCT is the first study of 2-year pulmonary and neurodevelopmental outcomes of azithromycin treatment in ELGANs. Provides evidence that ELGANs with lower respiratory tract Ureaplasma have the most frequent serious respiratory morbidity in the first 2 years of life, suggesting that a Phase III trial of azithromycin to prevent BPD targeting this population is warranted.Patients with SCN8A epileptic encephalopathy exhibit a range of clinical features, including multiple seizure types, movement disorders, and behavioral abnormalities, such as developmental delay, mild-to-severe intellectual disability, and autism. Recently, the de novo heterozygous SCN8A R1620L mutation was identified in an individual with autism, intellectual disability, and behavioral seizures without accompanying electrographic seizure activity. To date, the effects of SCN8A mutations that are primarily associated with behavioral abnormalities have not been studied in a mouse model. To better understand the phenotypic and functional consequences of the R1620L mutation, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate mice expressing the corresponding SCN8A amino acid substitution. Homozygous mutants exhibit tremors and a maximum lifespan of 22 days, while heterozygous mutants (RL/+) exhibit autistic-like behaviors, such as hyperactivity and learning and social deficits, increased seizure susceptibility, and spontaneous seizures. Current clamp analyses revealed a reduced threshold for firing action potentials in heterozygous CA3 pyramidal neurons and reduced firing frequency, suggesting that the R1620L mutation has both gain- and loss-of-function effects. In vivo calcium imaging using miniscopes in freely moving RL/+ mutants showed hyperexcitability of cortical excitatory neurons that is likely to increase seizure susceptibility. Finally, we found that oxcarbazepine and Huperzine A, a sodium channel blocker and reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, respectively, were capable of conferring robust protection against induced seizures in RL/+ mutants. This mouse line will provide the opportunity to better understand the range of clinical phenotypes associated with SCN8A mutations and to develop new therapeutic approaches.Cannabis use during adolescence is associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis. According to a current hypothesis, this results from detrimental effects of early cannabis use on brain maturation during this vulnerable period. However, studies investigating the interaction between early cannabis use and brain structural alterations hitherto reported inconclusive findings. We investigated effects of age of cannabis initiation on psychosis using data from the multicentric Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management (PRONIA) and the Cannabis Induced Psychosis (CIP) studies, yielding a total sample of 102 clinically-relevant cannabis users with recent onset psychosis. GM covariance underlies shared maturational processes. Therefore, we performed source-based morphometry analysis with spatial constraints on structural brain networks showing significant alterations in schizophrenia in a previous multisite study, thus testing associations of these networks with the age of cannabis initiation and with confounding factors. Earlier cannabis initiation was associated with more severe positive symptoms in our cohort. Greater gray matter volume (GMV) in the previously identified cerebellar schizophrenia-related network had a significant association with early cannabis use, independent of several possibly confounding factors. Moreover, GMV in the cerebellar network was associated with lower volume in another network previously associated with schizophrenia, comprising the insula, superior temporal, and inferior frontal gyrus. These findings are in line with previous investigations in healthy cannabis users, and suggest that early initiation of cannabis perturbs the developmental trajectory of certain structural brain networks in a manner imparting risk for psychosis later in life.This study defines a new boundary between the crystalline and sedimentary rocks of Eastern Dahomey Basin at the southwestern part of Nigeria using a geophysical approach that combines regional aeromagnetic and ground resistivity data. Aeromagnetic data covering the entire Eastern Dahomey Basin were acquired at 500 m line spacing, 80 m mean terrain, and processed into grids of Residual Magnetic Intensity (RMI) map. Filters and corrections such as upward continuation, and reduction to equator were applied to enhance deep magnetic sources and correct for magnetic inclination and declination. Tilt Derivative Angles (TDR) was applied for edge detection. To support the aeromagnetic analysis and interpretation, 104 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) surveys and 8 Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data were also acquired, processed and interpreted along the basement-sedimentary rock boundary. The TDR revealed a significant trend that corresponds to the edge between the basement complex and the sediments of the Eastern Dahomey Basin.