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PURPOSE This study investigates the relationship between plasma homocysteine levels, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. METHODS Sixty patients (FM = 3525) with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) were divided into two groups based on their plasma homocysteine levels; group 1 ( 14 μmol/L had a significantly increased prevalence (P  less then  0.05) of high IOP (≥ 22 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS Patients with PEX and high homocysteine levels have an increased prevalence of high IOP. No relationship exists between plasma homocysteine levels and ACD. Thus, PEXG should be suspected in patients with PEX and high plasma homocysteine levels. Fadraciclib Plasma homocysteine levels could be helpful for the diagnosis of PEXG, although larger sample studies are required to confirm this finding.PURPOSE Twelve percent of women in the USA will develop invasive breast cancer in their lifetime, and that risk increases to 80% if they carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. BRCA1/2 mutations are thought to potentially affect ovarian reserve and/or fertility. METHODS PubMed and PubMed Central were searched for publications on ovarian reserve-related outcomes (i.e., AMH and response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) protocols) that were reported in relation to BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutations from 1950 through May 2019. A meta-analysis was conducted to create forest plots and summary effect measures using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS This article reviews the 16 qualifying publications. There were several fundamental methodological differences in the study designs and outcome details reported in AMH studies. Summary statistics found no difference in AMH levels between BRCA1/2+ women as compared with controls (Z overall test effects p ≥ 0.45). Regarding responses to COH, there were overall non-significantly fewer total and mature numbers of oocytes retrieved in BRCA1/2+ cases as compared with controls (meta-analysis Z overall test effects p ≥ 0.40). CONCLUSIONS While the summary measures indicate no significant differences in AMH levels between BRCA1/2+ cases and controls, readers should be aware that there are significant methodological differences in the AMH reports. Additionally, the response to COH protocols does not seem to be significantly lower in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in the existing literature. Continued research on both of these clinical parameters would be beneficial for patient counseling.PURPOSE This study aims to analyze swimmers' oxygen uptake kinetics ([Formula see text]K) and bioenergetic profiles in 50, 100, and 200 m simulated swimming events and determine which physiological variables relate with performance. METHODS Twenty-eight well-trained swimmers completed an incremental test for maximal oxygen uptake (Peak-[Formula see text]) and maximal aerobic velocity (MAV) assessment. Maximal trials (MT) of 50, 100, and 200-m in front crawl swimming were performed for [Formula see text]K and bioenergetic profile. [Formula see text]K parameters were calculated through monoexponential modeling and by a new growth rate method. The recovery phase was used along with the blood lactate concentration for bioenergetics profiling. RESULTS Peak-[Formula see text] (57.47 ± 5.7 ml kg-1 min-1 for male and 53.53 ± 4.21 ml kg-1 min-1 for female) did not differ from [Formula see text]peak attained at the 200-MT for female and at the 100 and 200-MT for male. From the 50-MT to 100-MT and to the 200-MT the [Formula see text]K presented slower time constants (8.6 ± 2.3 s, 11.5 ± 2.4 s and 16.7 ± 5.5 s, respectively), the aerobic contribution increased (~ 34%, 54% and 71%, respectively) and the anaerobic decreased (~ 66%, 46% and 29%, respectively), presenting a cross-over in the 100-MT. Both energy systems, MAV, Peak-[Formula see text], and [Formula see text] peak of the MT's were correlated with swimming performance. DISCUSSION The aerobic energy contribution is an important factor for performance in 50, 100, and 200-m, regardless of the time taken to adjust the absolute oxidative response, when considering the effect on a mixed-group regarding sex. [Formula see text]K speeding could be explained by a faster initial pacing strategy used in the shorter distances, that contributed for a more rapid increase of the oxidative contribution to the energy turnover.PURPOSE A brief compressive stimulus is known to induce a rapid hyperemia in skeletal muscles, considered to contribute to the initial phase of functional hyperemia. Whether the same mechano-sensitivity characterizes the cutaneous circulation is debated. This study aims to investigate whether a rapid hyperemic response to compressive stimuli is also expressed by skin blood flow in humans. METHODS In 12 subjects, brief compressive stimuli were delivered to the forearm at varying pressures/durations (50/2, 100/2, 200/2, 200/1, 200/5 mmHg/s); the sequence was randomized and repeated with the arm above and below heart level. Laser Doppler flowmetry technique was used to monitor skin blood flow. The response was described in terms of peak skin blood flow normalized to baseline (nSBFpeak), time-to-peak from the release of compression, and excess blood volume (EBV, expressed in terms of seconds of basal flow, s-bf) received during the response. RESULTS The results consistently evidenced the occurrence of a compression-induced hyperemic response, with nSBFpeak = 2.9 ± 1.1, EBV = 17.0 ± 6.6 s-bf, time-to-peak = 7.0 ± 0.7 s (200 mmHg, 2 s, below heart level). Both nSBFpeak and EBV were significantly reduced (by about 50%) above compared to below heart level (p  less then  0.01). In addition, EBV slightly increased with increasing pressure (p  less then  0.05) and duration (p  less then  0.01) of the stimulus. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the rapid dilatator response to compressive stimuli was demonstrated in human cutaneous circulation. The functional meaning of this response remains to be elucidated.Parents of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) experience greater stress in parenting and more parental depressive symptoms. The study examined the longitudinal and bidirectional associations between three dimensions of parenting stress (i.e., parental distress, parent-child dysfunctional interaction, and difficult child) and parental depressive symptoms from a sample of Chinese parents of children with or without ODD. The sample included 256 parents of children with ODD and 265 parents of children without ODD, along with children's teachers. Using a three wave, cross-lagged design, results showed that parents of children with ODD suffered higher levels of parenting stress across three dimensions. For both groups, the links between parental depressive symptoms and subsequent parental distress and difficult child were unidirectional, whereas the relation between parental depressive symptoms and parent-child dysfunctional interaction was bidirectional. Multi-group analysis found that there was no significant difference in the relations between parenting stress and depressive symptoms between the ODD and non-ODD groups.